SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF ASSOCIATION FOR SCIENCE
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss
en-USSCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF ASSOCIATION FOR SCIENCETeaching of clinical skills in medicine
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/139
<p>*</p>Tinatin GognadzeLarisa MeliaLasha DolidzeDavid MalidzeShorena TsiklauriDavid ElgandashviliMaia Jabua
Copyright (c) 2024 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF ASSOCIATION FOR SCIENCE
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2024-06-132024-06-13XX საუკუნის ქართული დიდაქტიკური აზროვნების განვითარების ისტორიის საკითხები (1900-1960)
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/137
<p>თანამედროვე განათლების პოლიტიკის ძირითად პრინციპს წარმოადგენს განათლების ჰუმანიზაცია და თავისუფალი, სოციალურად აქტიური, შემოქმედებითი პიროვნების აღზრდა, რომელიც იზიარებს დემოკრატიულ იდეალებს, არის დამოუკიდებელი, პასუხისმგებ-ლობის გრძნობით აღჭურვილი და პატრიოტული სულისკვეთებით გამსჭვალული. მომავალი თაობის განვითარებისა და სრულქმნის პროცესი უპირობოდ ეყრდნობა მემკვიდრეობის პრინციპს, რაც ეროვნული ინტერესების და ზოგადსაკაცობრიო ღირებულებების ღრმა პატივისცემას გულისმობს. საქართველოს, როგორც სუვერენული სახელმწიფოს წინსვლა მჭიდროდ დაკავშირებულია განათლების ევროპულ სისტემასთან. ქართული საგანმანათლებლო სისტემის მი-ერთება ბოლონიის პროცესთან, ქართველი ერის შეუქცევად სწრაფვას ევროპისაკენ, თან უნდა სდევდეს ქვეყანაში მაღალგანვითარებული განათლების ევროპული სისტემის შექმნა, რაც დაფუძნებული უნდა იყოს წარსულში მიღებული გამოცდილებების გაანალიზებასა და გათვალისწინებაზე, სადაც ბუნებრივია თავისი წვლილი უნდა შეიტანოს ეროვნული სკოლის ჩამოყალიბებამაც, რომელიც წარმოადგენს სახელმწიფოს ეროვნული იდეოლოგიის ერთ-ერთ მყარ და ფუნდამენტურ საფუძველს. ნაშრომში თავმოყრილი, შესწავლილი და შეფასებულია საქართველოში XX საუკუნის პირველ ნახევარში დიდაქტიკური აზროვნების განვითარების ისტორია, სწავლა/სწავლების ახალი იდეების შემოსვლის, ჰუმანური პედაგოგიკის ჩამოყალიბება - დამკვიდრების მცდელობის საკითხები. განხილულია მეოცე საუკუნის ქართული პედაგოგიური აზროვნების გამოჩენილი წარმომადგენლების: დ. უზნაძის, ლ. ბოცვაძის, გ. თავზიშვილის, შ. სიხარულიძის, დ. ყიფში-ძის, გ. გოგუაძის, დ. ლორთქიფანიძის და სხვათა შეხედულებები, კვლევები განათლების, აღზრდისა და სწავლა/სწავლების საკითხებზე და შედარებულია ქვეყანაში მიმდინარე განათლების პოლიტიკის ცალკეულ მიმართულებებთან. დღემდე, ასე სისტემურად არ ყოფილა გაანალიზებული ქართული პედაგოგიკური აზროვნებისა და განათლების ისტორია საბჭოური იდეოლოგიის მარწუხებში, კერძოდ - საბჭოთა მემკვიდრეობა და მისი გავლენა მე-20 საუკუნის დიდაქტიკაზე. მონოგრაფიაში წარმოდგენილია საბჭოთა პედაგოგიკური აზრის ჩამოყალიბება და დაფუძნება საქართველოში; სწავლების ორგანიზაციის ფორმები მეოცე საუკუნის ქართულ დიდაქტიკურ აზროვნებაში; შეფასების ფორმები და მეთოდები, სწავლების მეთოდები, განხილულია საბჭოთა პედაგოგიკის სახელმძღვანელო წიგნები და თანამედ-როვე გამოწვევები. ნაშრომი წარმოადგენს ამ საკითხების მონოგრაფიულად შესწავლის და ერთ სისტემაში მოყვანის პირველ ცდას და გარკვეულად ავსებს არსებულ ხარვეზს. მონოგრაფიაში განხილული მასალები, იდენტიფიცირებული პრობლემები, მათი გადაჭრის გზები და რეკომენდაციები მნიშვნელოვან წვლილს შეიტანს მე-20 საუკუნის პირველი ნახევრის ქართული დიდაქტიკის აზრის განვითარებაში, წარმოაჩენს ქართული პედაგოგიკის წვლილს დიდაქტიკური თეორიისა და ისტორიის სრულყოფის საქმეში. გვსურს მადლობა გამოვხატოთ სსიპ შოთა რუსთაველის საქართველოს ეროვნული სამეცნიერო ფონდის მიმართ, რომელმაც საშუალება მოგვცა 2023 წლის „საგამომცემლო სახელმწიფო სამეცნიერო გრანტების შესახებ სახელმწიფო საგრანტო კონკურსის“ ფარგლებში (გრანტი № SP-23-895) შოთა რუსთაველის ეროვნული სამეცნიერო ფონდის ფინანსური მხარდაჭერით დაგვებეჭდა და გამოგვეცა მონოგრაფია „XX საუკუნის ქართული დიდაქტიკური აზროვნების განვითარების ისტორიის საკითხები (1900-1960)“ და ხელმისაწვდომი გაგვეხადა განათლების ისტორიის მკვლევრების, საქართველოს საგანმანათლებლო დაწესებულებების, განათლების პროგრამების სტუდენტებისა და ამ სფეროთი დაინტერესებული პირებისათვის. სსიპ შოთა რუსთაველის საქართველოს ეროვნული სამეცნიერო ფონდის დაფინანსებით გამოცემული მონოგრაფია „XX საუკუნის ქართული დიდაქტიკური აზროვნების განვითარების ისტორიის საკითხები (1900-1960)“, ელექტრონული ვერსია, PDF ღია ფაილი მიეწო-დება საქართველოს სხვადასხვა უნივერსიტეტებს, განათლების სამინისტროს, სკოლებს, რესურს ცენტრებს, ციფრულ ბიბლიოთეკებს, მასწავლებელთა პროფესიული განვითარების ეროვნულ ცენტრს, აჭარის განათლების ფონდს. დიდი მადლობა ბათუმის შოთა რუსთაველის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის და ქუთაისის აკაკი წერეთლის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის დისერტანტებს, პროფესორებს, კოლეგებს, ფსიქოლოგებს, ვინც გაგვიზიარა მათ ხელთ არსებული ინფორმაცია, კვლევა, საარქივო მასალა, აქტიურად ჩაერთვნენ წიგნის მომზადების საქმეში და საშუალება მოგვცეს გაგვემდიდრებინა პედაგოგიკის ისტორია XX საუკუნის პირველი ნახევრის ქართული დიდაქტიკური აზროვნების საკითხებით. მადლიერება გვინდა გამოვხატოთ წიგნის რედაქტორების, ტექნიკური რედაქტორის, რეცენზენტების, მხატვარ-დიზაინერის, გამომცემლობის მიმართ. ვიმედოვნებთ, მკითხველი გაგებით მოეკიდება წიგნში გაპარულ უზუსტობებსა და ხარვეზებს. დიდი სიამოვნებით მივიღებთ და გავითვალისწინებთ ყველა საქმიან რჩევას.</p>Imeri BasiladzeLela Tavdgiridze
Copyright (c) 2024 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF ASSOCIATION FOR SCIENCE
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2024-06-042024-06-04კარტოფილის ბაქტერიული დაავადებების მართვის მეთოდური რეკომენდაციები
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/135
<p>ნაშრომი გამოცემულია შოთა რუსთაველის საქართველოს ეროვნული სამეცნიერო ფონდის ფუნდამენტური კვლევებისათვის სახელმწიფო სამეცნიერო საგრანტო პროექტის <strong>FR</strong><strong>-21-1778</strong> <em>„</em><em>ს</em><em>აქართველოსთვის ეკონომიკურად მნიშვნელოვანი დაავადების</em> <em>-</em> <em>კ</em><em>არტოფილის რბილი სიდამპლის გამომწვევი ბაქტერიების სახეობრივი მრავალფეროვნებისა და მათ მიმართ ბაქტერიოფაგების მგრძნობელობის შესწავლა</em><em>“</em> ფარგლებში. მეთოდური რეკომენდაციები მომზადებულია პროექტის ძირითადი მონაწილეების <em>გალინა მეფარიშვილის</em>, <em>მაკა მურადაშვილის</em> და <em>ზოია სიხარულიძის</em> მიერ და გამიზნულია კარტოფილის პათოლოგიების მკვლევართა, აგრარული პროფილის აკადემიური პერსონალის, სტუდენტების, ფერმერებისა და კარტოფილის წარმოებით დაინტერესებული სხვა პირებისთვის. ნაშრომში განხილულია საქართველოში გავრცელებული კარტოფილის ძირითადი ბაქტერიული დაავადებების გამომწვევი მიკროორგანიზმების ბიოლოგიური, ეკოლოგიური და ეპიდემიოლოგიური თავისებურებები, და მოცემულია ბაქტერიული დაავადებების მართვის მეთოდები, საშუალებები და რეკომენდაციები.</p>Galina MefarishviliMaka MuradashviliZoia Sikharulidze
Copyright (c) 2024 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF ASSOCIATION FOR SCIENCE
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2024-05-282024-05-28ლურჯი მოცვის (Vaccinium Corymbosum) სოკოვანი დაავადებები და ბრძოლის ღონისძიებები
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/134
<p>The work was published within the framework of the Young Scientists Research Grant Project YS-19-729, funded by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation. The paper describes the main disease-causing fungal pathogens of blueberry Vaccinium Corymbosum and the symptoms they cause on blueberry. Also, measures to fight against them and relevant recommendations. It is intended for students of all three levels, agricultural and natural science specialists, farmers and other interested persons.</p>Liana KoiavaLamziri GorgiladzeGalina Meparishvili
Copyright (c) 2024 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF ASSOCIATION FOR SCIENCE
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2024-05-272024-05-27კვების პროდუქტების ტექნოლოგიური და ქიმიური კონტროლი
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/133
<p> სახელმძღვანელო, კვების პროდუქტების ტექნოლოგიური და ქიმიური კონტროლი, რეკომენდებულია აგრარულ მეცნიერებათა ფაკულტეტის სასურსათო ტექნოლოგიის სტუდენტებისთვის და აღნიშნული თემატიკით დაინტერესებული ნებისმიერი პირისთვის.</p> <p> სახელმძღვანელო მოიცავს კვების პროდუქტების, როგორც ნედლეულის, ასევე ტექნოლოგიური პროცესის და მზა პროდუქციის ორგანოლეპტიკური და ფიზიკურ- ქიმიური პარამეტრების განსაზღვრის თანამედროვე მეთოდების აღწერას, დემონსტრირებას და შესწავლას. კვების პროდუქტების ტექნოლოგიური და ქიმიური კონტროლი, უზრუნველყოფს ნედლეულის, ტექნოლოგიური პროცესის და მზა ნაწარმის მუდმივ კონტროლს. სისტემატური და სწორად ორგანიზებული საწარმოო კონტროლი საშუალებას იძლევა მზა ნაწარმის ხარისხი აკმაყოფილებდეს სტანდარტით დადგენილ ორგანოლეპტიკური და ფიზიკურ-ქიმიური მაჩვენებლების საერთაშორისო ნორმებს.</p> <p> სახელმძღვანელოში განხილულია მარცვლეულის, ფქვილისა და პურის, ეთეროვანი ზეთების, ბრენდის, ლიქიორ-არყის, ყურძნის ღვინოების და ღვინომასალის, ლუდის, უალკოჰოლო სასმელების, ხორცისა და ხორცის პროდუქტების ორგანოლეპტიკური და ფიზიკურ-ქიმიური ანალიზის მეთოდების ფართო სპექტრი, რომელიც პროდუქციის ხარისხის კონტროლის ძირითადი წყაროა და განაპირობებს კვების პროდუქტების ხარისხის საიმედობას და მაღალ ხარისხს.</p>Lali Elanidze
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2024-05-262024-05-26Using of biological preparations in citrus plantation
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/132
<p>Our goal is to include technologies in citrus agrotechnical measures that will significantly increase soil fertility, have a positive effect on plant growth and development, natural storage capacity of mandarin fruits, yield and its quality indicators. For this purpose, in the conditions of a rather large-scale experiment conducted by us, some ecologically clean biopreparations (inosectofungicides) along with mineral fertilizers were included in the complex of agrotechnical measures. We started the preliminary experimental work and then, under the conditions of the stationary field trial, we carried out experimental work on Ukrainian-made insectofungicides "Gaufsin", on various preparations of Spanish production: Bactofert, Bitoxybacillin, Bactocid CK. Biopreparations were used in the trial garden according to the trial scheme. We included nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers in the form of Russian-made NPK fertilizer, where each nutrient element is 15-15-15%. Also, we applied the fertilizer Bactofert provided in the trial scheme in May, June, July, August when the relevant diseases were in active phase. At the beginning and end of the vegetation period, according to the test options, we took soil samples at a depth of 0-20 cm and studied the agrochemical parameters in laboratory conditions.</p>Nunu KutaladzeZurab MikeladzeSophio PapunidzeTamar Gogolishvili
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2024-05-162024-05-16PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS: POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS, IMAGINED UNITY, AND MEMORY DISCOURSES
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/131
<div class="x_1344391201elementToProof">The process of establishing institutions of presidential power began in the three South Caucasus republics in 1991. Decades of political crises and reforms later, the regimes in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan differ markedly. However, the practice of using history for political purposes remains invariably popular. All politicians resort to them. And, of course, those of them who have had a chance to sit in the presidential chair. The authors of the monograph mainly (but not only) focus on the analysis of election campaigns speeches and statements of future presidents and their most significant opponents. How statesmen appeal to the images of heroes and cultural figures, use historical plots and myths, and manipulate events from the often very distant past to achieve and maintain political power in the present. Nationalist ideologies in the countries of the South Caucasus are deeply historicized, and this fact largely determines the frequency of references to the past. The authors of this collective monograph seek to develop a critical approach to the study of memory politics and historical politics, and nationalist ideologies.</div> <div class="x_1344391201elementToProof">The monograph has been prepared by a team of researchers under the grant project "How to win elections in Georgia" [No FR-18-8649] supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG).</div>Ruslan Baramidze (ed.)Sergey Rumyantsev (ed.)
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2024-05-072024-05-07Methods and models of complex diagnosis of seaport reconstruction-expansion on the example of Poti Port
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/126
<p>The monograph discusses the systematic provision of complex diagnostics of berth facilities in the seaport and the development of modeling methodology to determine operational reliability, strength, and stability, considering local conditions.</p> <p>Various comprehensive studies are conducted to address the challenge of developing seaports within spatial-territorial and economic constraints, leveraging and adapting foreign experience. The issue remains pressing for each old seaport, which has its unique characteristics, requirements, and limitations for development.</p> <p>The relevance of the research topic and the particular importance of the monograph stem from the need to address port development on a scientific basis. Currently, there are no recommendations on the methods and models of port development organization and the establishment of logistics service systems for developing ports. However, the diagnostic methodology, organization methods, and typical logistics service models predetermined the research's direction and content.</p> <p>The research aims to create conditions for the growing cargo turnover within limited spatial and territorial resources available at seaports in Georgia's current stage of development, which is achieved by the systematic provision of the use of complex diagnostic methods of responsible berth facilities in the port and development of modeling methodology, to determine the reliability, strength, and stability of their operation, taking into account local conditions.</p> <p>The object of the study is the Poti Port, the construction of the breakwater (mole) and the supporting walls of the berth and fender structures, and the organization and management of the technological process of port expansion and reconstruction. A partial approbation of the research results was carried out in developing the port development organization model, including the diagnosis and reconstruction of the breakwater, retaining walls, and rubber fender structures.</p> <p>The research presented in the monograph was carried out based on the system approach, management theory, organization theory, and logistics theory. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the following methods and models: the systemic and structural analysis; Complex diagnostic methods such as non-destructive testing, geotechnical, topographic, bathymetric, underwater ROV, and side scan sonar methods; Wave modeling methodology and management of technical diagnostics based on fuzzy theory.</p> <p>Using the methodology proposed in the paper, detailed diagnostics of the Poti Port berth and mole structure and long-term observation results determined the berth's expansion-deepening, ways to restore the mole structure and extend the reliable operation period.</p> <p>The monograph consists of 7 Chapters, an Appendix, and Literature. The importance of its publication is very significant for scientists working in the direction of hydrotechnical structures, for doctoral and master's students, and for the development of the field in Georgia in general. The book is published with the support of «Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia,» the «Grant number SP-23-663». </p>David GurgenidzeMalkhaz TsikarishviliTeimuraz Bulia
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2024-04-172024-04-17The Role of Universities in Innovative Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Academic Entrepreneurship and Innovations
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/127
<p>The achievements, approaches, and visions of Georgian and foreign scientists, specialists, and practitioners in the field of science, research, and innovation were presented at the International Scientific-Practical Conference. An exchange of experiences promoting development took place to facilitate academic entrepreneurship, university research, and commercialization in Georgia, encourage close collaboration between the university and industry, strengthen universities in the innovation ecosystem, and create an entrepreneurial ecosystem.</p>SOKHUMI STATE UNIVERSITY
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2024-04-172024-04-17სამშენებლო-ტექნიკური ექსპერტიზის ჩატარების თანამედროვე მეთოდები, პროცესის ავტომატიზაცია და სამართლებრივი ასპექტები
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/129
<p>ნაშრომში განხილულია სამშენებლო-ტექნიკური ექსპერტიზის თანამედროვე მდგომარეობა, ექსპერტიზის ჩატარების მეთოდები, ექსპერტიზის პროცესუალური დებულებები. ექსპერიმენტულად დამუშავებულია ექსპერტიზის წარმოების პროცესის ავტომატიზაციისა და ინფორმაციული უზრუნველყოფის სქემა. aმონოგრაფია განკუთვნილია სამშენებლო-ტექნიკური ექსპერტიზის სპეციალობის დოქტორანტებისა და მაგისტრანტებისათვის. ნაშრომი ასევე დიდ დახმარებას გაუწევს შენობა-ნაგებობების ექსპლუატაციისა და უსაფრთხოების დარგში დასაქმებულ სპეციალისტებს.</p>Amiran KatsadzeMalkhaz Tsikarishvili
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2024-04-172024-04-17საინჟინრო და სამეცნიერო კვლევის საფუძვლები
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/124
<p>სალექციო კურსში განმარტებულია მეცნიერება და მისი როლი თანამედროვე საზოგადოების ცხოვრებაში. განხილულია საინჟინრო და სამეცნიერო კვლევის დიზაინი, სამეცნიერო კვლევის მეთოდები და მეთოდოლოგია, მეცნიერული კვლევის თემის მიმართულების არჩევა და დასაბუთება, სამეცნიერო ინფორმაციის მოძიება, დაგროვება და დამუშავება. სალექციო კურსი განკუთვნილია საქართველოს ტექნიკური უნივერსიტეტის პროგრამა „მშენებლობის“ მაგისტრანტებისა და სპეციალისტთა ფართო წრისათვის.</p>Malkhaz Tsikarishvili
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2024-04-162024-04-16სამშენებლო საქმე
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/125
<p>სახელმძღვანელო სტრუქტურითა და შედგენილობით აგებულია ბაკალავრიატის საფეხურის საგანმანათლებლო პროგრამა „მშენებლობის“ შესაბამისად. მოიცავს სამშენებლო საქმის ზოგად დებულებებს, არქიტექტურული და სამშენებლო დიზაინის შესახებ ინფორმაციას, შენობებისა და ნაგებობების მშენებლობის ტექნოლოგიას, ორგანიზაციას, მონიტორინგს, ხარისხის შეფასებას, მშენებლობის უსაფრთხოებისა და ექსპლუატაციის საკითხებს. განკუთვნილია „მშენებლობის“, „სამოქალაქო ინჟინერიის“ და სხვა მონათესავე პროგრამების ბაკალავრებისა და სხვა დაინტერესებული პირებისთვის.</p>Malkhaz Tsikarishvili
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2024-04-162024-04-16The influence of government funding of higher education on the socio-economic development of the country
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/123
<p class="yiv3784968414MsoNormal">წინამდებარე ნაშრომი ბათუმის შოთა რუსთაველის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის მიზნობრივი სამეცნიერო-კვლევითი პროექტის „უმაღლესი განათლების სახელმწიფო დაფინანსების გავლენა ქვეყნის სოციალურ-ეკონომიკურ განვითარებაზე” დაფინანსების ფარგლებში განხორციელებული მონოგრაფიულ კვლევაა, რომლის განხორციელებაშიც ჩართული იყვნენ ბსუ-ს ეკონომიკისა და ბიზნესის ფაკულტეტის დარგობრივი დეპარტამენტების ახალგაზრდა მკვლევარები. კვლევაში შესწავლილია საქართველოში უმაღლესი განათლების სახელმწიფო დაფინანსების მექანიზმი, სტრუქტურა, მისი შედეგიანობა და ეფექტიანობა, გავლენა მოსახლეობის კეთილდღეობაზე და სოციალურ-ეკონომიკური განვითარების სხვადასხვა მაჩვენებელზე. მონოგრაფია განკუთვნილია განათლებისა და ეკონომიკის მიმართულებების მკვლევარებისთვის, საგანმანათლებლო და ეკონომიკური რეფორმების განმახორციელებელი სახელმწიფო სტრუქტურებისთვის, სტუდენტებისთვის, ქვეყნის სოციალურ-ეკონომიკური განვითარების პრობლემებით დაინტერესებულ მკითხველთა ფართო წრისთვის.</p>Editorial Board
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2024-03-142024-03-14Studies on the History of Education and Culture of Georgia Abkhazia (XIX-XX centuries)
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/122
<p>The monograph explores the problems of the development of the history of education and culture of Abkhazia in the XIX-XX centuries, reflects the main events in the two-century historical process of development of these fields. Imperial regimes and their policies changed, but not the conceptual approaches and attitudes that radically changed the development of these two spheres. Rich factual material is analyzed in the historical context, on the basis of which the problems of correlation of collective historical memory and cultural identity in Abkhazia are re-evaluated. New problems were identified on the basis of the research, which provide opportunities for future research, observations and reassessment of existing views on the issues raised. The work is intended for specialists in the history of education and culture, students and the public interested in the subject.</p>Lia Akhaladze
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2024-02-202024-02-20Theoretical and experimental study of subway ventilation systems to determine safe modes
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/121
<p>Subway is the main transport of Tbilisi. It serves the major share of the passenger flow. Safety of mentioned transport mean is provided by all the existing systems and technical means designed for such transport. Technical means involves rolling stocks created on the bases of railway transport base and the necessary infrastructure for their movement. Subway infrastructure involves general and accessory buildings which might be located both in the over ground and underground also. In most cities of the world general buildings of subways are located under grounds and in this point of view Tbilisi subway is not an exception. For proper performance of the said transport including all related systems, a reliable performance of ventilating system is of vital importance. The purpose of it is a provision and maintenance of normal microclimate in subways in everyday basis, herewith polluted air to be returned in atmosphere and in emergency situations the system shall answer all arisen challenges. In subways, with their infrastructures located over grounds, reasons of emergency situations are mainly technogeneous and there is a quite a big risk of getting a fire emergency situation. In such situations choosing of right working regime of ventilation system has a major importance, because saving of people’s lives depends on it. Also, prevention of toxic gases and pathogenic microbes in the events of aerosol terrorist acts are very important. Mentioned danger became even actual after Tokyo (Japan) subway accident, when the group of terrorists managed to spread a poisonous gas Sarin in subway space. As a result, several people died and thousands had been poisoned. the mentioned accident the question came up quite thoroughly: Is penetration of toxic gases and pathogenic microbes in subway possible by relevant attempts? There is no qualified answer to this question for today, because there have been conducted quite a few studies and works on the issue. The abovementioned work is one of the first attempts for regulation of the issue, in specific: based on analyses of underground working systems, we established the weakest circle from where it is theoretical possibility for unplanned air to penetrate into subway. The said weakest circle is ventilation system, because it is the only direction by which underground space of subway is connected to over ground. Specifically, the most insecure points are air shafts which return polluted air from undergrounds to atmosphere, especially in cases if mentioned air shafts are not equipped with exhaust ventilation equipment. It should be noted, that none of Tbilisi (Georgia) subways are equipped with air shafts equipped with exhaust ventilation systems for polluted air. Modern computer technologies give possibility to describe created air flows resulted from piston effect of moving wagons in tunnel with high accuracy. Consequently, we made a computer modelling of the situation in Pyro Sim 2016 program. The technical characteristics of piston effect of moving wagons in the tunnel, also, speed character of transmitted and rushing air flow in gaps, in front and back sides of wagons had been revealed. There are provided specified tables and charts of their variations, by means of which and according to the geography of cross over tunnels ventilation characteristics can be established. It may be noted, that established parameters according to the abovementioned charts are in a good coincidence with figures received by theoretical counting. A new regularity has been established: a non-stationary character of air flows arisen from piston effect during the wagon movement in channel caused by length of cross over tunnel. According to the given geometry and relevant ventilation characteristics we have determined numerical indicators of excessive pressure and rarefication in front and behind of wagons correspondingly. Based on determined indicators tab-les and charts have been created. Analyses of modelling results showed the impact of air gap between perimeters of wagon and tunnel on created numismatic indicators of excessive pressure and rarefication in front and behind of wagon. Based on the abovementioned we corrected the chart describing rarefication dynamic created behind wagon for the given speed of wagon. It should be noted, that the said knot of ventilation system is really problematic. Behind wagon there is created enough rarefication which may result in getting of unplanned air to the subway area. Thus, a technological gap in ventilation system performance has been revealed, which is not a subject of insufficient quantity of ventilation air or improper quality of air, the problem is that existing ventilation systems can not perceive toxic gases or pathogenic microbes and prevent from possibilities of their penetrating and spreading in underground space. The abovementioned problematic creates a serious threat to security of metropolitan. In order to overcome the problematic, in the present work there is formulated requirements to ventilation systems for new threats and possibilities of using appropriate technical means for proper and secure performance of the problematic knot.</p>Zaza Khokerashvili
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2024-02-082024-02-08Contemporary business challenges in a globalized world: research, study, examination
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/120
<p>The professors of the Georgian Technical University have been working in various directions of business development for many years, researching business activities in many areas, namely: management and organization of industrial and agricultural products; State relations with business at central, regional and local government levels; accounting problems and possible ways to solve them; supply chain and logistics; transport and communications management; Implementation of IT technologies in business, finance, production organization and management and many others. Our works include these directions of modern business.</p> <p>The present work represents the works of faculty professors of recent years, grouped under one auspice - dedicated to the significant impact of globalization, which is visible in all types of activities in the world, including business.</p> <p>Globalization has both supporters and opponents. But no one can deny that this is the objective reality in which we exist and conduct business.</p> <p>Thus, we consider the present collective monograph as a kind of summary of the research conducted in recent years.</p>Rusudan KutateladzeAnzor AbralavaMaia Chechelashvili
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2024-01-242024-01-24Safe ventilation of tunnels using transformable elements
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/118
<p>The paper considers the nature of the damaging factors formed during the fires of different strengths, initiated and developed in horizontal and variously inclined road tunnels, and their relationship with tunnel shape, geometry, inclination, critical velocity of air flow, as well as backlayering distance of smoke and other combustion products in the tunnel. The value of the duration of evacuation time necessary to save the lives of people in the danger zone during a fire in a tunnel is calculated.</p> <p>In order to improve the fire safety management systems and rescue the lives of people in extreme conditions, flexible transformable systems are proposed, which during a fire in a tunnel, at the expense of the increased aerodynamic resistance, will prevent the spread of harmful combustion products on the way of evacuation of people. The efficiency of the above device is studied by numerical and physical modelling for tunnels with different gradients for different fire strengths and scenarios.</p> <p>A numerical modelling method was used to study the correlation between the backlayering distance of the carbon monoxide propagation and the air flow velocity in the ventilation and fire ducts and the efficiency of flexible transformable systems for the corresponding boundary conditions in case of a 100 MW fire in a horizontal tunnel equipped with a semi-transverse air ventilation system. The results show that the use of transformable systems gives at least 10% of the effect in reducing the backlayering distance of propagation of smoke and other combustion products.</p> <p>The nature of the propagation of damaging factors in a horizontal tunnel equipped with a longitudinal air distribution ventilation system in case of 5, 10, 30 and 50 MW fires when the tunnel ventilation system fails and transformable systems are activated is assessed and compared to the tunnel scenario without transformable systems. The results of the numerical simulations show that when 50% of the tunnel cross section is closed by a transformable system, significant positive results in limiting the spread of combustion products and saving human lives can be obtained.</p> <p>The propagation of combustion products from fires of different strengths of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50 MW is considered in tunnels up to 400 m long, with tunnel inclinations on models of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9% and tunnel cross-sectional area of 42.5 m2. The dynamic change of the damaging factors such as carbon monoxide and temperature due to the “chimney effect” is demonstrated. Modelling is performed with FDS software using a finite-volume method. The time of the simulated process is 180 s. The minimum finite volume cell size is 0.25 x 0.25 x 0.25 m. The fire seat is located in the central part of the tunnel. The obtained results are given in the plane of the central longitudinal section of the tunnel. The boundary condition is given as an increase in dynamic pressure caused by the height difference between the portals in normal conditions.</p> <p>The variation of the critical velocity depending on the tunnel slope, characteristic value of this variation - the gradient coefficient, and the pattern of smoke propagation are studied. The said values are observed on the tunnel model for varying air temperatures. Measurements are made with K-type thermocouples with open and closed sensors. The maximum possible temperature measured is 800°C. The thermocouples are placed in holes made in the ceiling of the model tunnel. The distance between the holes is 5 and 10 cm, which corresponds to the natural tunnel length of 5 and 10 m. The fire is simulated by natural gas. Simultaneous readings from thermocouples, as well as air and gas flow meters, primary analysis and data digitalization are done with data taker DT85.</p> <p>The present paper proposes a simple flexible device that will allow a section of the tunnel to be completely or partially closed off, divide the tunnel into relatively short sections and simultaneously completely or partially isolate the seat of fire within the time interval sufficient to save lives. According to a special directive, this time interval is the first 10 minutes from the onset of fire. So, the proposed device will increase the aerodynamic resistance of the tunnel, prevent the spread of combustion products together with the ventilation flow and is a part of the ventilation system. We would like to emphasize that the prerogative of the proposed device is to help save lives. However, if such a device is installed in the tunnel, both the tunnel staff and the lifeguards will definitely have more opportunities to control the ventilation flow and the toxic combustion products moving together with it. The above-mentioned device may be installed every 200 to 500 m and somehow aligned with the tunnel emergency exits, which must be provided at specified locations. Or, it can be installed near the emergency stations at 150 m intervals for new tunnels and 250 m intervals for old tunnels, as provided for in the new tunnel safety regulations. In this way, the partitioning system will be placed in a tunnel in sections defined by the relevant standards and it must be transformable depending on the geometry of a tunnel cross-section.</p>David Tsanava
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2023-10-252023-10-25Methods of obtaining materials, predicting properties and planning experiments
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/117
<p>The lecture course is the compiler of the study plan of the doctoral educational program of GTU (Georgian Technical University ) and is presented under the names: EETI6504G2-LS methods of material acquisition, property prediction and experiment planning. The mentioned educational literature is intended for the students of the Faculty of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy of Georgian Technical University, the Doctoral Educational Program of Chemical and Biological Engineering, as well as for readers interested in the specified problem. The issues discussed in the paper are arranged according to the program (syllabus) approved for the course and include all issues to be discussed programmatically. The lecture course includes 494 pages: it consists of a table of contents and 15 chapters (lecture topics). Each lecture topic is represented by a list of cited literature. In the doctoral lecture course, on the basis of data analysis of modern literature, the basic theoretical principles of receiving materials are fully reviewed, the knowledge of which is necessary for planning and conducting this or that experiment, for predicting properties and analyzing the obtained results. It concerns not only the adoption of existing traditional types of materials, but also the purposeful planning and creation of new materials based on the latest technologies. The presented lecture course discusses the basics of making many types of materials useful in technology, chemical and biological technologies, starting from traditional materials and ending with modern products.</p>Mamuka Matsaberidze
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2023-09-182023-09-18The issue of intangible cultural heritage management (Prospects for Japan-Georgia relations)
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/116
<p>The relevance of the qualification paper - Intangible Cultural Heritage Management Problems (Japan-Georgia Relations Perspectives) - is determined by three factors: the discussion of cultural heritage in the context of international security at the European level, recent attempts to expand heritage objects and trends in the transition to digital technologies.</p> <p>These factors are cultural heritage management challenges, the search for ways to overcome them should be carried out under the conditions of a new approach: intangible cultural heritage as an object of economic utility, taking into account the risks of destruction; as a resource for geopolitical peaceful coexistence and as a good protected by digital technologies;</p> <p>The research problem is the understanding of the actualization of intangible cultural heritage in the geopolitical aspect and the implementation of digital technologies in the field of management. The goal is to analyze the organizational and legal problems of the dynamics of the geopolitical processes of the protection of the ACM and determine the perspectives of Japan-Georgia cooperation.</p> <p>The basis for considering cultural heritage in the international security contest is UN Security Council Resolution 2347 of 2017, according to which the destruction of cultural heritage is considered at the level of population extermination, human trafficking, and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The implementation of this document is related to the development of UNESCO's Sustainability Index of Cultural Heritage. This approach is also effective in terms of transfotmation of the management of ethno-political conflicts in Georgia, because the ideology of heritage protection (without political symbols) and the prevention of the destruction of monuments are brought to the fore. At the same time, there is an opportunity to develop cultural diplomacy in the conflict region.</p> <p>The need for a joint management method of rare technologies and material heritage is substantiated by the example of Kvevri winemaking technology and grape growing area as a good of environmental, social, cultural and economic importance. The uniqueness of Georgian silk production technology and traditional craft has been studied and substantiated for the purpose of nomination to the list of UNESCO cultural heritage. The assumption that the efforts of the state alone are not effective in planning the process of utilization of rare technologies is tested by interviews with Japanese experts. To the question of what caused the crisis in the spread of traditional silk culture in Japan, according to the analysis of the answers, it was revealed: the incompatibility of traditional production and retail trade; Changing tastes and new trends in the modern world, new weaving technologies, insufficient efforts of the state to provide a livelihood for craftsmen with specific skills in traditional technology. Therefore, Georgia's participation in the geostrategic projects of spreading and popularizing silk technology provides an opportunity to develop mechanisms of the "mutual benefit" regime and to form effective approaches to "maintaining a long-term perspective".</p> <p>As a result of the study of Japanese cultural heritage management practices, a new direction of relations between Georgia and Japan was revealed. In particular: the perspective of sharing experiences based on the common traditions of cultural diplomacy in the socio-economic usefulness of the ACM resource and the introduction of new technologies.</p> <p>The paper presents the expansion of the scope of application of the special convention of 2003 with new objects: 1. "Gelatian thinking" (traditions of the Academy of Sciences of Gelati), as a tradition of interdisciplinary management of educational science and practice; 2. Terra Rossa (red soil), as an element of the state policy of sustainable land management based on cultural heritage;</p> <p>A digital museum development model has been developed: based on the transfer of the "Smart Home" and "Internet of Things" convention of IoT technology, 3D, 4D and MoCap technologies, motion capture systems, "smart sensors" and semantic search TSTS (Topic-Space-Time Search) method. In order to clarify the possibilities of implementing the model, an empirical study was conducted, in which 174 respondents from Georgian museums and research centers working on cultural heritage issues participated. It was revealed that the dominant group of participants (92%) has average standard computer user skills; Low ability to work with web/apps and digital team (65%). Only 8% have work experience in electronic cataloging of intangible assets. Therefore, the effectiveness of the implementation of the model developed by us is related to the existence of a permanent training system for the development of digital competences of the museum staff.</p> <p>Based on the results of the research, a theoretical model of the actualization of cultural heritage management has been developed:</p> <ol> <li>Participating in the discussion on the international security agenda for the protection of cultural heritage, Georgia's accession to the UN Resolution N 2347;</li> <li>In regional geopolitical programs (including relations between Georgia and Japan), organizing projects based on shared traditions of ACMS resource cultural diplomacy and experience sharing in the introduction of new technologies;</li> <li>Measures to promote the identification of new objects of the ACM based on the ethnographic and historical material of Georgia;</li> <li>Management of the creation/transfer process of new technologies in the protection of new technologies and dissemination of "living" heritage;</li> <li>Management of the process of continuous training of personnel in the field of security in order to develop digital skills.</li> </ol> <p>Measures recommended in the field of public management, such as:</p> <ul> <li>Adoption of the document defining the policy for the protection of cultural heritage, taking into account the mechanisms of participation in geostrategic programs of Georgia, inclusion in the security discourse and strengthening of cultural diplom acy;</li> <li>Adoption of a special law - on the protection of intangible heritage, or the amendment of the special nature regulations of the ACM as a separate door in the cultural heritage code; Initiation of the project of amendments and additions to the Law of Georgia "On Science, Technology and Their Development" regarding the protection, promotion, financial support and legal regime of the tradition of the Academy of Sciences of Gelati as ACM;</li> <li>"Culture Strategy 2025" expansion of the ACM with the tasks of identifying new objects, financial support mechanisms, technology transfer, provision of virtual museums and a system of guarantees, such as; IoT and "smart home" technology, Georgia's involvement in the "Internet of Things", 3D digital technologies, sensor networks, the TSTS method of semantic search and the plan-schedule of personnel training in this direction;</li> <li>Development of the "soil archive" concept, taking into account the standards of</li> </ul> <p>the state policy of sustainable land management, development of the utility method for the creation of integrated geoparks;</p> <p>Enrichment of the marketing strategy - "wine road" - with such elements as network management mechanisms: self-government, private companies, individual winemakers, coordination of research institutes, "cold cellar" - cultural tourism, investments, symbols, branding and others.</p> <p>The combination of these recommendations is the bავტორი asis and guarantee for the effective introduction of a new model of intangible cultural heritage management.</p>Ana Tsatsanashvili
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2023-09-122023-09-12DEMOGRAPHICS OF TRUSO VALLEY AND THE CULTURAL IDENTITY OF ITS POPULATION
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/115
<p>The book examines the history, demography and cultural identities of the population of the Thruso and Mna valleys of the historical parts of Georgia. (In the Truso we mean the actual Truso and Mna valleys including the village of Kobi). Based on rich historical and archival sources, as well as materials obtained as a result of the expedition the ethnic history of the population of Truso from ancient times to the beginning of the 13th century, the political and socio-economic situation of Truso from the 14th century to the beginning of the 19th century, records of European diplomats and travelers of the 18th - 19th centuries, "Theological Commission of Ossetia". " and "Society for the Restoration of Christianity in the Caucasus", archival materials of the Foundation of the Archdiocese of Georgia, peculiarities of Georgian-Ossetian cultural relations of the 19th-20th centuries and demographic processes according to chamber censuses and church records are analyzed, existing documents about the educational institutions of the first half of the 20th century in Truso. On the basis of the expedition, defensive and residential buildings of Truso, monuments of written culture, etc. were studied.. The work is accompanied by rich documentary material, part of which is known, the part enters scientific circulation for the first time and will provide great help to researchers interested in the history of Truso and Mni valleys, as well as in Georgia.</p>Nino ShiolashviliTamar PkhaladzeLia AkhaladzeGvantsa BurduliGela Kistauri
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2023-07-192023-07-19Some controversial aspects of Biology
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/114
<p> The origin of life and the main issues of its evolutionary development are still the subject of debate in Biology. No scientific experiment can convincingly explain the origin of even simple organic components necessary for life from inorganic compounds, not to mention the origin of unicellular organisms and the origin of multicellular organisms from them. The emergence of life and its constant and sustainable maintenance in the form of living organisms is associated with their gradual development - evolution. Despite the fact that certain evolutionary processes are obvious, the essence of many stages of the development of the living world, regardless the existence of scientific hypotheses, is obscure andimpossibileto be perceived by humans. Therefore, a deep analysis of modern data makes us think that the origin of life and the random processes underlying the evolutionary processes associated with it cannot be absolute. The monograph presents the essence of the problems associated with these very relevant topics of Biology, the scientific prospects for solving of which at this stage of the development of natural science are not clearly outlined.</p>Malkhaz Vakhania
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2023-07-062023-07-06Ecological Dictionary
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/113
<p>როგორც ცნობილია, ეკოლოგია ფუნდამენტური მეცნიერებაა, რომელიც გვაწვდის საჭირო და მნიშვნელოვან ინფორმაციას ბიომრავალფეროვნების კონსერვაციის, ბუნებრივი რესურსების მართვის, გარემოზე მდგრადი განვითარებისა და სხვათა შესახებ, რომლებიც დღეისათვის თანამედროვე ეკოლოგიის პრობლემებს წარმოადგენენ.</p> <p>ბოლო ათწლეულების მანძილზე ტექნოლოგიური პროგრესის განვითარებას მოჰყვა გარემოს მდგომარეობის მკვეთრი გაუარესება, რამაც გამოიწვია მსოფლიო საზოგადოების შეშფოთება. ატმოსფერული ჰაერის, წყლის, ნიადაგის დაბინძურება, ცხოველებისა და მცენარეების სახეობების რიცხოვნობის თანდათანობითი შემცირება და ზოგჯერ მათი გადაშენება და ა. შ.</p> <p>ლექსიკონში მოცემულია მრავალი ეკოლოგიური ტერმინის განმარტება. ის დიდ დახმარებას გაუწევს უმაღლესი სასწავლებლის სტუდენტებს, ეკოლოგიისა და გარემოს დაცვის სფეროში მომუშავე სპეციალისტებსა და აღნიშნული საკითხებით დაინტერესებულ მკითხველის.</p>Nani PhalavandishviliNino KiknadzeGultamze TavdgiridzeLali JgentiNani Gvarishvili
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2023-06-132023-06-13The place of state tax administration of Georgia in the fiscal policy and its influence on the economic development of the country
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/112
<p>The presented work is the first in-depth scientific- monographic research about the problems of the tax administration system of Georgia, considering the latest legislative changes (for the period January 1, 2016). The book examines the tax administration mechanism in developed countries, there is analyzed the mechanism of tax administration system in Georgia, according to which is identified its disadvantages. There is explained some vague articles of tax code of Georgia. There are proposed recommendations about measures, which should be carried out in order to increase tax culture and improve tax administration system of Georgia, considering national peculiarities and use of foreign experience. The book is proposed to economist scientists, students and the wide group of people who are interested in the problems of tax administration system of Georgia.</p>Ekaterine ShainidzeVazha Verulidze
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2023-06-072023-06-07BASIS OF KINETIC ANALYSIS OF THE MULTI-SITE ENZYME SYSTEMS
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/111
<p>At the beginning of the last century, the kinetic theory of single-site enzyme systems was developed and the methodology of their complete kinetic analysis was refined. Its essence consisted in the transformation of the hyperbolic function into a linear dependence, which is characteristic only for single-site systems. But, later it was found that many enzymes, due to multisite, are characterized by curvilinear kinetic dependence. It became necessary to develop principles of kinetic analysis of such curves and new kinetic parameters. Despite many attempts, this goal could not be achieved. Z. Kometian's monograph presents for the first time the theoretical foundations of the complete deciphering of the molecular mechanism of the multisite enzyme system and the statistically reliable methods of determining the main kinetic parameters based on experimental data.</p>Zurab KometianiGvantsa Chkadua
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2023-06-022023-06-02სწავლა-სწავლება უმაღლესი განათლების საფეხურზე
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/110
<p>*</p>ბაია კუბლაშვილითამარ მაღლაკელიძე
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2023-05-312023-05-31WEATHER, CLIMATE AND THEIR CHANGE REGULARITIES FOR THE CONDITIONS OF GEORGIA
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/106
<p>In the monograph "Weather, climate and their change regularities for the conditions of Georgia" the natural factors causing the formation and variability of weather, as well as one of the important problems of modernity, climate change and causing reasons are studied in the complex manner using modern technologies. The data of the ground based hydrometeorological network and satellite observations of the Earth Observation Mission are used. The impact of climate change on the number of sectors of the country's economy (construction industry, tourism, healthcare, education<br>and others) has been evaluated. The monograph has both scientific and practical value. The monograph is intended for specialists working in this field and the wide society. It can be used as the supplementary handbook for students of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of higher education institutions.</p>Liana KartvelishviliMarika TatishviliAvtandil AmiranashviliLia MegrelidzeNato Kutaladze
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2023-04-042023-04-04DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOGENIC STRESS - BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ORGANISM
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/105
<p>წინამდებარე ნაშრომში კომპლექსურადაა შესწავლილი ბიოქიმიური მაჩვენებლების და ქცევითი პარამეტრების ცვლილებები ფსიქოგენური სტრესის მოდელირებისას, განსხვავებული სირთულის თავდაცვითი რეაქციების ტესტირების პირობებში. ნაშრომი განეკუთვნება ფუნდამენტურ გამოკვლევათა რიცხვს და მიღებული შედეგები აფართოებს თანამედროვე მეცნიერულ მოსაზრებებს აღნიშნულ საკითხზე, საკმაოდ სრულ და ობიექტურ წარმოდგენას იძლევა სტრესული მდგომარეობისას ორგანიზმის ჰუმორული რეგულაციის შესახებ. კერძოდ, ჰორმონებისა და ბიოლოგიურად აქტიური ნივთიერებების გამოყოფა აღნიშნავს სტრესული მდგომარეობის რეაქციული სინდრომის დასაწყისს, რომელიც ორგანიზმში მართავს ყველა ცირკულაციურ და მეტაბოლურ პროცესებს, რასაც საბოლოოდ მივყავართ გარემოს შეცვლილი პირობებისადმი ადაპტაციასთან. განსხვავებული სირთულის ექსპერიმენტის პირობებში ცხოველების ქცევა და მეტაბოლური ცვლილებები განიმარტება, როგორც ბიოლოგიურად დადებითი სტრესის გამოვლინება და ასახავს თავის ტვინის თვითრეგულაციურ მოქმედებას, რაც გამოიხატება სტრესოგენური ფაქტორებისადმი ორგანიზმის რეზისტენტობის ამაღლებაში. გამოკვლევის შედეგები მნიშვნელოვანია პრაქტიკული თვალსაზრისითაც, ვინაიდან გამოვლენილია ის ქცევითი აქტები, რომლებიც თვითრეგულაციის მექანიზმების მუშაობას გამოხატავს და განაპირობებს ჯანმრთელობისთვის სახიფათო სტრესოგენური ფაქტორებისადმი ორგანიზმის მდგრადობის დონის ამაღლებას. ნაშრომი განკუთვნილია სპეციალისტებისა და საკითხით დაინტერესებული მკითხველისათვის. </p>LALI AKHALADZE
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2023-04-032023-04-03Agricultural production and environmental protection
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/103
<p>Agricultural production and environmental protection is a science-based study of the agrarian sector of economy. Dictionary gave data and the origin of agricultural crops, their growing and varieties development, geographical distribution, food safety and security, food and feed processing technologies, rational use and consumption of natural resources. Definition of terms in the book explains all the terms that are used in the modern agrarian sector and environmental protection. These two directions are important for increasing crops yield and minimizing the negative "impact" on the ecological environment, preventing genetic erosion of soil and vegetation for the obtaining ecologically clean and safety products. The mentioned publication will contribute to the raising of public awareness of the population, dissemination of the latest advance technologies and development conditions, and will increase guarantees of food security and safety.</p>Solomon PavliashviliAvtandil KorakhashviliDavit Kirvalidze
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2023-03-292023-03-29Culture of Topinsunflower in Georgia
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/104
<p>The new crop - Topinsunflower was created by breeders with the crossing hybridization of sunflower and topinambur. Tuber of Topinsunfower contain substances of high nutrition cost. Topinsunflower is a very high plant - 240 sm, germinate a green mass with big leaves and mainly used in forage, as well as for food production. He provides 50 t/ha yield of green mass, and tubers 35 t/ha per year. Topinsunflower is used basically as a forage for cattle, as well as a raw material in manufacture industry and pharmacy. In monograph Topinsunflower represents as rather value and irreplaceable raw material in various industry. On the base of recommendations, obtained by scientific-research work, book provides advance growing technologies opportunities. By this data Topinsunflower will provide his part in food security and safety of Georgia.</p>Nino Chankvetadze
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2023-03-292023-03-29Methodology and Skills of Biomedical Research
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/100
<p>წარმოდგენილი წიგნი ითვალისწინებს თანამედროვე სამედიცინო კურიკულუმს, რომლის მიხედვითაც, სამედიცინო სკოლის ყველა სტუდენტმა დიპლომამდელ ეტაპზე უნდა აითვისოს სამეცნიერო კვლევის უნარები საერთაშორისო სტანდარტების მიხედვით. მათ როგორც ხვალინდელმა ექიმებმა, უნდა ისწავლონ კრიტიკული აზროვნება და ჰქონდეთ იმის რწმენა, რომ შეიძლება არსებობდეს დიაგნოსტიკის ან მკურნალობის უკეთესი საშუალებები, რომ ყოველდღიური პრაქტიკა საჭიროებს კრიტიკულ შეფასებას, ახალი პრინციპების შექმნას და ცოდნის განვითარებას.</p> <p>წარმოდგენილი წიგნი საშუალებას მისცემს სამედიცინო უნივერსიტეტის სტუდენტებს შეიძინონ კომპეტენციები, რომლებიც სამეცნიერო მეთოდების შემდეგი პრინციპების შესწავლას უკავშირდება: სამეცნიერო საკითხის ფორმულირება, ინფორმაციის მოძიება სამეცნიერო მონაცემთა ბაზებიდან, ლიტერატურის კრიტიკული კითხვა, ანალიზი და კვლევითი პროექტების შემუშავება კვლევის ეთიკური და პროფესიული ასპექტების გათვალისწინებით.</p> <p> </p> <p>წიგნის ღირებულებაა 35 ლარი, თანხის ჩარიცხვა შეგიძლიათ ასოციაციის ანგარიშზე. დანიშნულებაში მიუთითეთ წიგნის გადმოსაგზავნად საჭირო ელექტრონული ფოსტის მისამართი.</p> <p>ასოციაციის რეკვიზიტებია: აა(ი)პ ასოციაცია მეცნიერებისათვის.<br />საიდენტიფიკაციო კოდი: 400248576<br />საბანკო რეკვიზიტები:<br />საქართველოს ბანკის ცენტრალური ფილიალი<br />ბანკის კოდი – BAGAGE22<br />ანგარიშის ნომერი – GE39BG0000000101591797</p>Luiza GabuniaShorena KhetsurianiNatia Gamkrelidze
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2023-01-302023-01-30Irakli Pagava: Biobibliography
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/97
<p> The biobibliography of the known Georgian pediatrician, a corresponding member of Georgian Academy of Sciences I Pagava covers the period of l94l-2002: scientific works, popular scientific papers, works edited by him and literature about him.</p> <p> The material is listed by years in alphabetical order. The brief review of I. Pagava’s scientific-pedagogical and public work, the major dates of his life and activities are presented before the biobibliography itself. The index of principal works as well as the nominal index, both in alphabetic order are annexed.</p>andria Apakidze
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2023-01-282023-01-28Advice for young parents
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/98
<p>The book popularly conveys the main issues of nutrition, care and upbringing of children under one year of age, it is intended for young parents.<br /><br />Child care is an excellent measure of a nation's intelligence and foresight. In this regard, the Georgian people have ancient and strong traditions.<br />Everyone wants the next generation to be healthy, intelligent, strong-willed, right-handed, with high morals and refined taste. For a representative of a small nation, these qualities are of vital importance.<br />Our great culture, the achievements of which we are rightly proud both in the past and now, should also be properly reflected in childcare. Let's not deprive Norchi of the mother's breast, sun and air, the opportunity of wonderful developers to beautify the nature of Georgians in this way. Let's sing native lullabies, caress them with our soothing words, and instill in them the love of mother and homeland.<br />The first year of life is of great importance in the formation of a person, in his upbringing. Only warmth and allergies, common sense and even episodic consultations of a children's doctor-pediatrician are not enough. Parents should be able to assess physical and mental development and general condition, recognize even minor deviations in time and provide first aid, should be familiar with the basic principles of proper nutrition, general hygiene and promotion of neuro-psychic development.<br />I hope that the presented work will help young parents to clarify the mentioned issues.</p>Karaman Pagava
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2023-01-282023-01-28 If the child has good habits
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/99
<p>A person's physical, mental and social well-being largely depends on how he was raised in childhood; About what habits were inculcated, what they were taught. Good habits are a prerequisite for health, a prerequisite for the fact that a person will be able to realize himself as much as possible and live happily.</p> <p>This brochure, the introduction of which you are now reading, is devoted to the problem of developing useful habits. We have to teach and inculcate many things in the child, although it is not very easy. We focused mainly on the key issues, the issues that we think are the most difficult to solve.</p> <p>In our opinion, these are, for example, habituation of the child to decency, cleanliness and neatness. Or, at first glance, such a seemingly simple problem as dressing independently. A significant portion of the overall volume of the text is devoted to potty training and bladder control. We attach no less importance to the issue, which, we think, a large number of parents get very wrong. This is proper nutrition and dental care. It should be said that attention is focused on the problem mentioned in the second half of the title of this chapter. You will probably agree with us that it is very important to observe the daily routine for the child. You will agree with us that it is sometimes difficult to get the baby to sleep. We should try to accustom the child to exercise, fresh air and exercise. We consider it very necessary to use free time wisely, to be curious, to perceive beauty. Then we talk about the rules of behavior, and finally - about independence and enthusiasm, kindergarten. As a last word, we describe the methods of influencing the little one in summary.</p> <p>This brochure for parents is mainly for preschool and elementary school children. We hope you find it useful.</p>Karaman PagavaIrakli Pagava
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2023-01-282023-01-28TECHNOLOGY OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE SUPPLEMENT ORIGINATED FROM GRAPE "GEORGIAN VITAE RIMAS XXI"
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/94
<p>In the human body each cell needs from 600 to 650 different type of food substances - nutrients, which are irreplaceable and are not synthesized in the human organism. For about 32 different type of food products, more than 15 vitamins and more than 20 microelements should be included in the human nutrition ratio, without them the human organism could not survive.</p> <p>The best solution for this problem was the creation of balanced product containing natural ingredients, which was known under the term "biological active supplement" (in English food supplements), so called BAFS.</p> <p> Usage of the BASF, which is doubtless important product, causes the following: 1. Makes quick liquidation of the deficit of necessary food substances for human; 2. Adjusts the food upon the individual needs; 3. Increases the strength of durability against the unfavorable conditions, due to cell fermentative defense; 4. Increases and intensifies unnecessary substance binding and their discharge from the organism.</p> <p> Based on the above, a new, scientifically proven biologically active food additive technology enriched with natural, biologically active substances of grape origin was developed. New biologically active substances were identified:</p> <ol> <li>For the first time in Saperavi vine juice stilbenoid glucoside was identified: trans-resveratrol glucoside trans piceid (4,5 - dyhydro-oxy-stilben-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside) (polydatin). Trans piceid concentration in Saperavi vine juice is - 12,4 mg/l, but in vacuum-juice is 35,5 mg/l. The existence of ε-viniferin glucoside was also determined in Saperavi vine juice.</li> <li>For the first time biologically active phenolic compound acetovanillone (apocynin) was identified in Saperavi vine stem. The concentration of the substance in water-ethanol extract is 5,2 mg/l. Antioxidant activity of acetovanillone is 33%.</li> <li>Concentration containing stilbens produced from one year vine sprout is created, which contains great amount of trans-resveratrol, ε - viniferin, stilbenoid tetramers. Lignan α-conidedrin with amount of 3,3 mg/l was also identified in stilbenoid concentration. Antioxidant activity of α-conidedrin is 35%.</li> <li>In water-ethanol extract of the upper parts of thymus serpyllum picked in Tusheti reserved areas the following aroma forming substances were identified: α-pinene, myrcen, limonen, terpilon, linalool, carvacrol, timol, citronel and others, α-pinene is dominant among them. Also the content of biologically active formononetin and cynaroside (lutheoline glucopyranoside) was determined in aromotizator. Antioxidant activity of formononetin is 21%, and cynaroside is 54%.</li> <li>The production technology of biologically active food supplement "Georgian Vitae rimas XXI" was created, which considers to use Saperavi grape vacuum juice, phenolic concentration containing stilbens, vegetable aromatizator and ascrobic acid.</li> </ol>LALI ELANIDZE
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2022-12-212022-12-21PAGHVA
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/93
<p>The collection is intended for people interested in the history of Georgia. It includes materials about the history of the Faghav family. They are descendants of the Bagvash-Orbelians. The contribution of the Faghavs to the culture and political life of our country is schematically presented. </p> <p> </p>Karaman Phagava
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2022-12-052022-12-05Low motivation of teachers towards their own professional development: Promotion of professional development of teachers at the school base
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/91
<p>ზოგადსაგანმანათლებლო დაწესებულების საჭიროებების კვლევის ანგარიშში ნაჩვენებია ერთი სკოლის მასწავლებელთა დამოკიდებულების ტრანსფორმაცია საკუთარი პროფესიული ზრდის მიმართ. საუბარია სკოლის ბაზაზე, ერთმანეთის დახმარებითა და გამოცდილების გაზიარებით, დირექციის აქტიური და მიზანმიმართული მხარდაჭერით მიღებულ შედეგებზე, თანამშრომლობითი კულტურის ჩამოყალიბებაზე, სწორად დაგეგმილ და განხორციელებულ აქტივობებზე, რომლებმაც შეცვალეს სასკოლო ცხოვრება.</p>Manana Chikadze
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2022-11-232022-11-23Development of metacognitive skills in students and related difficulties
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/92
<p>პედაგოგიური პრაქტიკის კვლევის ანგარიშში ნაჩვენებია რა სირთულეები შეიძლება შეექმნათ მასწავლებელს და მოსწავლეებს სწავლა-სწავლების პროცესში სწავლის ეფექტური სტრატეგიების გამოყენებისას. რა სარგებელი შეიძლება მოუტანოს მოსწავლეს საკუთარი აზროვნების პროცესის გაცნობიერებამ და რა როლი აქვს მასწავლებელს მოსწავლეებში სწავლის პროცესის მართვის უნარების განვითარებაში.</p>Manana Chikadze
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2022-11-232022-11-23Medical Ecology
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/90
<p>დღეისათვის ეკოლოგია ჩვენი ცხოვრებისა და სახალხო მეურნეობის ყველა სფეროში შეიჭრა. შეიქმნა „სოფლის მეურნეობის ეკოლოგია“, „სამრეწველო ეკოლოგია“, „საინჟინრო ეკოლოგია“, „სოციალური ეკოლოგია“, „კულტურის ეკოლოგია’’, „ადამიანის ეკოლოგია“ და სხვ.</p> <p>აქედან გამომდინარე, ცხადია, თუ რა დიდი მნიშვნელობა ენიჭება „სამედიცინო ეკოლოგიის“ საგანს, რომელიც პირველ რიგში ადამიანის ორგანიზმზე ეკოლოგიური ფაქტორების ზემოქმედების შესწავლას და მათ მიერ გამოწვეული ეკოლოგიური დაავადებების პროგნოზირებასა და პრევენციას გულისხმობს. ამიტომ, სამედიცინო ეკოლოგიის, როგორც სასწავლო დისციპლინის საკითხების ცოდნა მნიშვნელოვან წვლილს შეიტანს მომავალი მედიკოსების აღზრდასა და ჩამოყალიბების საქმეში და მოსახლეობის ჯანმრთელობაზე ზრუნვის, მომალი თაობების სრულფასოვანი განვითარებისა და მათი ჯანმრთელობის განმსაზღვრელი მაჩვენებლების განუხრელად გაუმჯობესებაზე ორიენტირებული საზოგადოებრივი ჯანდაცვის განვითარებაში.</p> <p>წიგნის ღირებულებაა 30 ლარი, თანხის ჩარიცხვა შეგიძლიათ ასოციაციის ანგარიშზე. დანიშნულებაში მიუთითეთ წიგნის გადმოსაგზავნად საჭირო ელექტრონული ფოსტის მისამართი.</p>Marina GiorgobianiBidzina ZurashviliTamar Khakhutashvili
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2022-11-222022-11-22WATER REGIME OF RED SOILS OF AJARA
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/84
<p>The book presents the data from a study of the water-physical properties and moisture content of red soils from the Kolchic forest, as well as tea and citrus plantations in Ajara, and gives an assessment of plants’ productive moisture supply. It demonstrates significant loss of precipitations retained by the forest and crown of mandarin plantations, as well as high irrigation efficiency of tangerine plantations improving the harvest yield and fruit quality. This book will be useful to subtropical agricultural workers and students of relevant educational institutions.</p>Shakro Palavandishvili
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2022-10-192022-10-19RED SOILS OF AJARA AND THEIR USE IN AGRICULTURE
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/85
<p>The book describes the main phases of the study of red soils in Ajara, the physical and chemical properties of soils, and their significance in the development of subtropical agriculture.The properties of red soils in Ajara are compared to those of tropical soils, and their similarities are used to shed new light on the question of genesis. The book also addresses topical issues of expanding the area of subtropical crops, protecting red soils, and using them more rationally.The book will be useful for subtropical agricultural professionals and students of higher education institutions.</p>Shakro Palavandishvili
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2022-10-192022-10-19NATURE AND AGRICULTURE OF AJARA
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/86
<p>The book has two sections. The first section describes the physical and geographical characteristics of Ajara, and the second section discusses the status of agricultural branches and its developmental prospects. Based on the principles of physical and economic geography, the book discusses topical issues of applied geography using Ajara as an example.The book is intended for a wide range of specialists and readers interested in the nature and agriculture of Ajara.</p>Shakro Palavandishvili
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2022-10-192022-10-19GEOGRAPHY OF SOILS AND FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL SCIENCE
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/87
<p>Geography of soils and fundamentals of soil science is taught as an individual subject at the Department of Geography of the State University. It is compiled according to the program for geographers. The first section of the textbook gives the fundamentals of general soil science, while the second section deals with the geography of soils in different natural zones. A separate chapter is dedicated to the soils of Georgia.The textbook will be useful for the students of the geographical, biological and agricultural faculties.It is the first attempt to create such a textbook, and will probably not be secured against shortcomings.The author will be grateful for professional remarks.</p>Shakro Palavandishvili
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2022-10-192022-10-19GEOGRAPHY OF SOILS OF AJARA AND THEIR AGRICULTURAL USE
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/88
<p>The present book examines the factors that influence soil formation in Ajara, as well as the patterns of their geographical distribution. The ecological conditions of formation, properties, composition, and use of various soil types are described in detail. A separate chapter is devoted to soil conservation issues.The book is intended for agricultural and geographical professionals and students.I dedicate the book to the memory of my scientific supervisor, Corresponding Member of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, Professor Mikheil Daraselia.</p>Shakro Palavandishvili
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2022-10-192022-10-19Nature and agriculture of Kobuleti region
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/89
<p>The book deals with the natural conditions and resources of Kobuleti Region. The historical mission of the Region is to develop subtropical crops of Transcaucasia and overcome the crisis. The book also discusses the development of traditional and prospective subtropical cultures in modern times by considering the ecological problems.The book is dedicated to the memory of my parents.</p>Shakro Palavandishvili
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2022-10-192022-10-19SOIL ECOLOGY
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/83
<p>The textbook covers the principal issues of soil ecology by placing particular emphasis on the sustainable development of soil, which is one of the most important environmental components. The textbook has been published in the Georgian language for the first time and is intended for students, including doctoral students of ecological, geographical, biological, and agrarian specialties, as well as for a wide range of readers interested in environmental issues.</p>Shakro PalavandishviliTeo UrushadzeTamar KvrivishviliDarejan Jashi
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2022-10-182022-10-18BORIS KORSANTIA - Biobibliography
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/80
<p>The bio-bibliography of the Georgian famous physicians, MD, Ph.D., Doctor Med. Sciences, Professor, Boris Korsantia, contains the materials of 1987-2020 years: scientific works, articles, works published under her editorship and other.</p> <p>Boris Korsantia is the author of more than 270 scientific publications devoted to immunological, virological and biotechnological aspects in various diseases. Under his leadership, about 60 candidate dissertations were defended. He was the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vice-president of the Georgian Physicians Postgraduate Association, an expert of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, a member of the dissertation council.</p> <p>The material is arranged in chronological-alphabetical order. The bio-bibliography is prefaced by a short review of scientific, pedagogical and public activities of B. Korsantia. Indexes of names are applied in alphabetical order.</p>Tamar KhakhutashviliKonstantine Alibegashvili
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2022-10-032022-10-03Biomechanics and Kinesiology
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/79
<p>In the book, the authors review the postulates and regularities of biomechanics and kinesiology, describe the biomechanical properties of cells, tissues, organs, systems, which contribute to the interdependence and normal functioning of cells, tissues, organs and systems. The book consists of 2 sections: Biomechanics I and Biomechanics II. The materials presented in the book is intended for a course of 100 and more hours. The text is illustrated with 180 images. Perception and the study of functional relationships were facilitated represented by the formulas. A description of laboratory works and the sequence of their implementation is included in the book as an appendix. For self-assessment of the material passed, the book provides a list of discussion issues. The book helps to combine theory and practical approaches in the field of biomechanics, develops the skills of multidisciplinary discussion of facts and events, which is very important for specialists in the field of medicine. The book is recommended for students of all levels of medical education, researchers, all interested parties. For them and for practicing physicians, rehabilitators, health professionals, and represetivests of theoretical biomedical area, the book will serve as a textbook.</p>Nikoloz GotsiridzeTamar SanikidzeMaia Mantskava
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2022-09-172022-09-17Issues of education, studying/teaching and upbringing
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/77
<p>No Abstract</p>Imeri BasiladzeKetevan Dzotsenidze Nino Chokhonelidze
Copyright (c) 2022 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS of Associaction for Georgia
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2022-08-292022-08-29Cryptographic algorithms: examples and software codes
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/78
<p>The presented textbook is intended for students and all persons interested in information security issues. The book will introduce them to cryptographic algorithms and their software implementations</p>Lali BeseliaInga GabisoniaSofia Shengelia
Copyright (c) 2022 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS of Associaction for Georgia
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2022-08-292022-08-29Psychology of Mass Communication
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/76
<p>No Abstract</p>Vazha Papaskiri
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2022-07-182022-07-18RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FORMALIZATION OF GRADUATION WORK
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/75
<p>These recommendations are provided for the preparation, completion and defence of a bachelor's degree in construction and high profesional education. It covers practically all areas of the construction industry and can be used by students of different engineering specialties.</p>David GurgenidzeGivi DatukishviliInga LomadzeMalkhaz Tsikarishvili
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2022-05-192022-05-19GEORGIAN PARADIGM OF PEACE
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/74
<p>The work, based on the new EU action platform, analyzes the role of themodern higher education system in regulating the most important issues of public life. The author has followed up the centuries-old Georgian experience as an essential tool for sustainable and continuous development of statehood in the pursuit of peace. A new model of education policy, proposed in the work, the ‘University Diplomacy’ is based on this historical experience and the earnest idea, generated by the innate demand, as a form of education and its highest peak the science as well as a modern form of peace-building and a new form of international relations and diplomacy. The book is designed to trigger public discussion and debate in the society.</p>Zurab Khonelidze
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2022-05-162022-05-16Passports of autochthonic grape varieties of wester Georgia
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/71
<p><em>The above project was fulfilled by financial support of the Georgian National Science Foundation <strong>(Grant AP/96/13 and 216816).</strong> Any idea in this publication is possessed by the authors and may not represent the opinion of the Georgian National Science Foundation.</em></p> <p>The monograph is dedicated to the study of chemical composition of several wines produced from the grape varieties in western Georgia using modern analytical methods. The results are used to create passports for these wines that would indicate correlation between the chemical composition of the wine, its varietal origin and geographical origin.</p> <p>Monography will be interesting for the specialists from the fields of agriculture and food technology such as experts, students, farmers, and manufacturers.</p>Maia KharadzeMaia VanidzeAleko KalandiaIndira JaparidzeRuslan Davitadze
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2022-02-052022-02-05Passports of honey produced in western Georgia
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/34
<p>The monography is dedicated to the study of chemical composition of several honey varieties produced in wester Georgia using modern analytical methods. The results are used to create passports for these samples that would indicate correlation between the chemical composition of the honey, its plant source and geographical origin. Monography will be interesting for the specialists from the fields of natural science, agriculture and food technology, such as experts, students, farmers, and manufacturers.The above project was fulfilled by financial support of the Georgian National Science Foundation (Grant AP/96/13 and 216816). Any idea in this publication is possessed by the authors and may not represent the opinion of the Georgian National Science Foundation</p>Nona AbashidzeIndira JaparidzeMaia KharadzeMaia VanidzeAleko KalandiaRuslan Davitadze
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2022-02-012022-02-01International Methods for the analytical study of wine and honey
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/72
<p>Georgia is one of the oldest manufacturers of wine and honey. In recent years, many manuscripts have focused around the biology of grapes, wine production technology and beekeeping development. However, literature resources on the chemical and biochemical studies of wine and honey are still scarce. This practical guide is an attempt to gather standard methodologies for the analytical research of wine and honey samples. The methodologies are adopted in many countries which focus on manufacturing of these products. The manuscript is composed of two parts. The first part is devoted to the characterization of wine and the second to the characterization of the honey samples. Presented work will be of value for the specialist form the areas of chemistry, biology and agriculture such as Researchers, students, and individuals interested in safety and standardization of food produces.</p>Maia VanidzeAleko KalandiaIndira Japaridze
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2022-02-012022-02-01Passports of wines produced from the several grape varieties from western Georgia
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/69
<p>The monograph is dedicated to the study of chemical composition of several wines produced from the … grape varieties in western Georgia using modern analytical methods. The results are used to create passports for these wines that would indicate correlation between the chemical composition of the wine, its varietal origin and geographical origin.Monography will be interesting for the specialists from the fields of agriculture and food technology such as experts, students, farmers, and manufacturers.The above project was fulfilled by financial support of the Georgian National Science Foundation (Grant AP/96/13 and 216816). Any idea in this publication is possessed by the authors and may not represent the opinion of the Georgian National Science Foundation.</p>Maia VanidzeAleko KalandiaIndira JapaidzeMaia KharadzeRuslan Davitadze
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2022-01-232022-01-23The Role of Endogenous Peptides in the Systemic Self-Regulation of Organisms
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/70
<p>Regulatory peptides are a wide group of biologically active compounds that affect the current physiological processes in living organisms. Peptides are synthesized in the organism of all biological species, from bacteria to mammals. From a biological point of view, the regulatory peptides have a versatile effect on the organism, they can act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, hormones, growth factors, cytokines, etc..The regulatory systems are necessary for all multicellular organisms, to control the function of the cell, to unite it, into one whole organism. In the first half of the 20th century, it was believed that, there were three types of such systems: nervous, immune and endocrine. It was considered that, these systems functioned independently andtheir interaction just was an exceptions. In the 60s of the 20th century, was accumulated enough scientific data, according to which the biologically active peptides were the determining factors of the joint action of the above systems.For today, the physicochemical properties, their specific action, synthetic analogues of physiologically active peptides have been explored.The chemical synthesis of regulatory peptides has been implemented and their therapeutic effects on the human body have been proven.The monograph presents the effect of endogenous peptides on various physiological processes in biological organisms, aslo theirstructural construction and mechanisms of action. In addition, there is discussed, the use and perspectives,of both natural and artificial peptides in medicine.</p>Malkhaz Vakhania
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2022-01-222022-01-22On the Restoration of the Pre-Nostratic Language
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/67
<p>The given work addresses the problem of the origin of speech and Pre-Nostratic language, which the linguists regard unsolved to this day. Here are studies of the following issues are presented:</p> <p>How the early men began to speak and on which basis they gave relevant names to the objects and the phenomena;<br>How did they manage to express their views?<br>What proof and the data of Pre-Nostratic language has been preserved by the Kartvelian language.<br>We pursue the aim of the reconstruction of the lexis of the Pre-Nostratic language, for which reason it has become necessary to study the basic words consisting of word sounds and harmonious sound complexes proved in the Kartvelian language, in other words consonants and neutral vowel O[ǝ], as well as harmonious sound complexes and a neutral vowel.<br>The work includes the Pre-Nostratic language vocabulary, as well as the method of restoration of the archetypes of the Pre-Nostratic words through the reconstruction of the Kartvelian words; these archetypes represented the word sounds and sound harmonious complexes prompted by the nature, which, for the expression of certain idea, formed on its part non-grammatical sentences. Here are presented the examples of forming modern words, as a result of uniting the archetypes forming part of the non-grammatical sentences and the following phonetic changes.</p>Kukuri Phiphia
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2021-07-132021-07-13What is Kalokagatia
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/68
<p>Human is a creature with psychogenic and historical-genetic aspirations. Western anthropocentrism views this creature as the center of the earthly world.</p> <p>The process of human intellectual development is guided by the historical-cultural reality and socio-political reality created by the divine mind.</p>Leonid-Luka Kazanji
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2021-07-132021-07-13Dilmuni
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/66
<pre id="tw-target-text" class="tw-data-text tw-text-large XcVN5d tw-ta" dir="ltr" data-placeholder="Translation"><span lang="en">World history is an apophatic world of deontic ideas discussed in the amphonic plane of the Illuminati process, evolving through the nomothetical embodiment of spiritual origins. The peoples of the world were strong ethnocultural unions fighting for the strongest ideological, so to speak, cultural-trophic expansion.</span></pre>Leonid-Luka Kazanji
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2020-09-112020-09-11Philosophy of Consciousness
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/65
<pre id="tw-target-text" class="tw-data-text tw-text-large XcVN5d tw-ta" dir="ltr" data-placeholder="Translation"><span lang="en">Humanity is a universal macrosocyme created by the accumulation of cosmic energy in the aluminous mental field resulting from the linear development of supernatural processes.</span></pre>Leonid-Luka Kazanji
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2020-09-102020-09-10Organizational Culture and Human Factor
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/61
<p>All organizations function in the certain cultural environment and also have own unique culture. The organizational culture, in general, represents a set of group values, beliefs, attitudes, means of expressions. Most effective factor forming organizational culture is the system of work attitudes of the personnel. In the course of occurring reforms, for the purpose of studying of changes in organizational culture of our reality, research of work attitudes of the personnel has been carried out in the traditional and modern organizations. Researches have shown the important role of positive work attitudes of the personnel in formation of effective corporate culture of the organizations. Thus, all-round supporting to development of positive work attitudes may give a basis for formation of effective corporative culture of the organizations and enhancing their effectiveness.</p>George Goroshidze
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2020-05-112020-05-11About the profiling of undergraduate education and raising its status
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/62
<p> უმაღლესი განათლების საბაკალავრო პროგრამები ხშირად ითხოვენ გაუმჯობესებას იმ მიზნით, რომ მათ ფარგლებში მომზადებული კადრები უფრო მოთხოვნადები გახდნენ შრომის ბაზარზე. ამ კადრებს უნდა გააჩნდეთ როგორც პროფესია, ისე სპეციალობა, რაც დამსაქმებელს ხელს შეუწყობს მათთვის ადეკვატური პოზიციის შერჩევაში. უპროფილო, ზოგადი მომზადების მქონე კადრები ვერ აკმაყოფილებენ სამსახურის პრაქტიკული საქმიანობის მოთხოვნებს და ხშირად ეთქმით უარი სამსახურში მიღებაზე. პროფილირებული სწავლებისთვის აუცილებელია მე-3 და მე-4 კურსებზე სპეციალობების მოდულების არსებობა მაპროფილებელი საგნებისთვის საკმარისი რაოდენობის სავალდებულო კრედიტების გამოყოფით. ასეთი მოდულური სისტემით შესაძლებელი ხდება სხვადასხვაგვარი შინაარსისა და სტრუქტურის მქონე „მეოჯორების“ და „მაინორების“ კომბინირებით პროფესიების ისეთი კონფიგურაციების შექმნა, რომლებსაც ექნებათ მეტი მოთხოვნა შრომის ბაზარზე. ეს შესაძლებელი გახდება მაშინ, თუკი ბაკალავრიატში სწავლების პირველი 2 წელი დაეთმობა <strong>პროფესიის </strong>საფუძვლების ათვისებას, ხოლო შემდეგი 2 წელი დაეთმობა პროფესიის ფარგლებში <strong>სპეციალობების </strong>ათვისებას.</p>George Goroshidze
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2020-05-112020-05-11Perspectives the formation of an effective model of human resources in Georgian organizational culture
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/63
<p>The article shows the leading role of human resource management in the development of organizations. Analyzed the evolutionary process of the models of human resource management, it clearly be seen the growth of humanistic tendencies towards the people working in the organization. These tendencies are clearly expressed in the modern theories of management, particularly, in the "Harvard School" and reach its culmination in Japanese management. It is known, that Japanese management is characterized by the highest level of efficiency. All this gives raise the interest to the elements of Japanese model of management which has been used to improve the efficiency of the Georgian organizations. After our investigation of 20 organizations it is clear that there is a dominance of middle level of the organizational climate, which is not conducive for the stable development process of the organization. Within the context of human relationships, Indicators of a democratic style of leadership are a little above the average, and the other component of the democratic process - employee participation in decision-making, is well below the average. As we can see, the democratic process in the organizational practice of workers represented poorly, which is completely opposite to the specific of Japanese management. In the same organizations was investigated conflict (by K. Thomas) in which subsequently became clear that the preferred strategy is "avoidance", and the least popular strategy is "cooperation", which also is completely opposite to the specific of Japanese management. It seems, that Japanese model of management may be very helpful to increase the productivity of human resources. In the case of the implementation of some elements of the Japanese model of human resource management in Georgian organizations, these undesirable results, with a high probability, can change for the better and lead to increase the efficiency of these organizations.</p>George Goroshidze
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2020-05-112020-05-11A Set (Attitude) Regularities of Public Relations
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/58
<p>Public relations is an integrated area that uses many methods and means to form in the society a desirable positive attitude towards the organization. Therefore, in this area, psychological issues are central. Public relations, as a specific type of communication, is based on phenomena of a cognitive and personal nature and comply with their regularities, among which the most important are the psychological regularities of the set (attitude). In particular, first of all, it is necessary to distinguish such a general pattern as: a neutral attitude, revealed to a negative phenomenon, is perceived contrastingly as a positive attitude toward a negative phenomenon. In public relations if this pattern has take into account, this will lead the organization to the desired results.</p>George Goroshidze
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2020-05-092020-05-09THE GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF JAN AMOS COMENIUS’ “MATHETICS”
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/59
<p>In 1680, ten years after Comenius' death, Christian Vladislav Nigrinus (Czech erudite) published 100 copies of a small experimental book entitled “Spicilegium Didacticum”. The book contains one of the most noteworthy texts of Сomenius, the so-called "Mathetics". It is the subject of the first chapter (Winkel 1997: 7). The direct translation of the term "Spicilegium" means "collection of ears of corn” (forgotten by harvesters)".<br>According to Jan Amos Comenius' ”Mathetics”, “learning” is a quest for certain knowledge (thing), or the attempt to cognize a particular thing (Spicilegim Didacticum 1680: 1). Knowledge is the possession of thing in mind, holding it in mind (Spicilegim Didacticum 1680 : 1). Comenius believed that the possession of thing in mind - learning, keeping and holding it in mind is being conducted in three phases: 1. Knowledge that thing exists in reality; 2. Knowledge of what the essence of thing is, and what it consists of; 3. Knowledge of the purpose of thing, and what it is used for (Spicilegim Didacticum 1680 : 1). Сognition, understanding and application are achieved through these three levels of knowledge (Spicilegim Didacticum 1680: 1). The first one Comenius calls cognition, or simply knowledge. The second one is mental experience – understanding (comprehension). And the third one is its application - consumption, more precisely skill to apply it (Spicilegim Didacticum 1680 : 1).<br>Comenius considers knowledge of using thing to be crown or the highest level of knowledge. He identifies three levels and steps of knowledge. To describe the process of acquiring knowledge, J.A. Commenius highlights cognition of three levels (Spicilegim Didacticum 1680 : 2):<br> Level I – Knowledge of the existence of thing in reality;<br> Level II - Knowledge of the causes of thing;<br> Level III (conclusive step) - Knowledge of the form of presenting the results of cognition of things.</p> Imeri BasiladzeEter Gvineria
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2020-05-092020-05-09Ideology, morality and identity
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/60
<p>The purpose of the book is to determine the compatibility of the socio-cultural features and ideological discourses of the modern Georgian society on the basis of psychological research in order to take them into account during legislative, management and educational activities. Globalization leads to the impact of different ideologies in information channels on such topical issues for small nations as national and religious aspects of social identity, attitude to national culture, traditions and public morality.</p>George Kipiani
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2020-05-092020-05-09FACTORS DETERMINING JOB SATISFACTION IN GEORGIAN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/53
<p>The interest in job satisfaction is related to its importance for increasing the effectiveness of organizations. High job satisfaction leads to increased income. Factors contributing to job satisfaction can be attributed to different levels of labor activity. One of the most interesting theories in this regard is the two-factor theory of F. Herzberg. According to this theory, there are two categories of factors - hygiene factors and motivators, of which motivators (high-level factors) are considered as the main mechanisms of job satisfaction and lead to the desired success of the organization. More efforts to satisfy them contribute to the development of relations between employees at a high level, which helps to increase the opportunities for stable functioning of the organization in the future. Therefore, organizations should not spare funds for satisfying high motives of employees.</p>George Goroshidze
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2020-05-072020-05-07The Need of use the "Progressive Model" of Organizational Behavior in the Higher Education System (Academic Staff Competition-Attestation Assessment)
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/54
<p>The article considers the most acute problem of the higher education system - a competitive assessment of the teaching staff. The seriousness of this problem is associated with negative processes that often occur due to improper operation of the criteria system during the competition. The solution to these difficulties consists in developing an adequate model for assessing the academic staff and creating on its basis a balanced system of assessment criteria. The article proposes a “progressive model” for assessing the academic staff and a set of criteria for evaluating the work within this model, which allows a comprehensive assessment of the work done by all existing categories of teaching staff. This approach allows more efficient development of academic work and scientific fields by preserving human capital.</p>George Goroshidze
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2020-05-072020-05-07Human Resource Evaluation and Management Models In the Education System (Organizational Behavior in Education)
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/55
<p>In recent years, there has been growing dissatisfaction at universities in the matter of adequately assessing and managing the activities of academic personnel. Particular acuteness arises during incorrectly held contests when people are undeservedly left without work. A successful solution to this problem is possible by improving the rules of the competitions. To preserve and develop the intellectual potential of the university, it is necessary that its academic staff with a great pedagogical and professional experience be protected from the mentioned ambiguities and transferred to the certification mode, which will properly assess their contribution with a subsequent increase in motivation and increase in labor efficiency. The article considers 4 models of personnel assessment and management (“Progressive model”, “Business model”, “Formal model”, “Authoritarian model”), among which the use of the “Progressive model” creates the best conditions for the preservation of human capital and its effective use, which significantly increases the performance indicators of higher education institution.</p>George Goroshidze
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2020-05-072020-05-07Set Adaptation in The Formation of Estimation and Attitude
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/56
<p>This article describes the attitude as a fundamental mechanism for estimation and action. Describes its adaptive nature. Postulated that attitude is individual’s high-level psychological state. Adaptation is understood as the process of bringing the individual’s attitude to the neutral value. By analogy with the classical experiments of the fixed set, explains the mechanism of how the adaptation, shifting the neutral ratio, generates a contrasting estimation. It is argued that if one individual shows the neutral attitude to the negative phenomenon, then by the second individual it estimated as positive and vice versa.</p>George Goroshidze
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2020-05-072020-05-07Law of congruent action of attitude and reversive evaluation
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/57
<p>Tradicional understanding of the Set and existing approaches do not reveal all their diversity. They appear on the basis of the multifactority of the conditions for its functioning. On the basis of a new approach we can talk about the following Set’s phenomena: 1) 3 law of the Set – “Law of the reversive evaluation”, Law of the Set’s congruent action” and “Law of the congruent action and reversive evaluation of the Set”. 2) 3 Set relations – “evaluation-evaluation”, “action-evaluation” and “action-action”. 3) 3 Set categories – “subjective state”, “Attitude” and “ Set for action”. 4) 3 types of Set – “cognitive Set”, “emotional Set” and “conative Set”. By minimalistic calculations, they create 27 combinations (3 x 3 x 3 = 27). Among them the most advanced is the “Attitude” which, in turn, is associated with the “action-evaluation” relationship and the “emotional Set”. Attitude, as one of the categories of Set, finds its great use in human relations, in the marketing etc. Attitude, more realistically describes typical human activities and gives wide opportunities to predictit his actions.</p>George Goroshidze
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2020-05-072020-05-07Philosophy of legal obligatory relationships
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/51
<p>სამართალი ზოგადად სოციალუr-პოლიტიკური სისტემის მიერ შექმნილი სიციონომიური ცნებობრივი დეფინიციების სილოგურად განვითარებადი სამყაროა, რომელიც აწესრიგებს ადამიანთა შორის სამართლებრივ ურთიერთობებს. სამართალი, ჩემი აზრით, შეიქმნა იურიდიული საზრისებისა და ფილოსოფიური იდეალების კომბინატორული შერწყმის წყალობით. სამართალი შვა ფილოსოფიამ, ხოლო ფილოსოფია შექმნა თეოსოფიურმა ეზოთერიკამ. კანონი სამართლის ცენტრალური აზრობრივი მოცემულობაა, რომელიც ორიენტირებულია ემპირიული ფაქტოლოგიისა და დეონტური ლოგიკის კორელირებაზე.</p>Leonid-Luka Kazanji
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2020-02-052020-02-05Philosophy of Roman Law
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/52
<p>რომაული სამართალი მსოფლიო იურისპრუდენციის მშობელი დედაა, რომელმაც უძველესი ეტრუსკული სამართლებრივი იდეალები და ელინური ფილოსოფია ერთიან აზრობრივ აბსოლუტად შეკრა. რომაელებმა განახორციელეს რევოლუციური გარდაქმნები საკაცობრიო სამართალში, კერძოდ შექმნეს ცივილისტიკა ანუ სამოქალაქო სამართალი რომმა გადო ძალიან ძლიერი იდეური ხიდი დასავლურ ფილოსოფიასა და აღმოსავლურ სოფისტურ კულტურას შორის.</p>Leonid-Luka Kazanji
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2020-02-052020-02-05Philosophy of Constitutional Law
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/49
<p>ზოგადად, სამართალი გახლავთ საზოგადოების განმავითარებელი აზრობრივი მაკრიკოსმოსის მეზოკოსმიური მაკროსოციუმი. იურისპრუდენციის განვითარების ზენიტს წარმოადგენს კონსტიტუციური სამართალი, რომელიც აწესრიგებს სამართლებრივ, სოციალურ, პოლიტიკურ და კულტურულ ურთიერთობებს ერთი შეხედვით, სრულიად განსხვავებულ იდეური მრწამსის ადამიანებს შორის. კონსტიტუცია ლათინური სიტყვაა (LA-CONSTITUTION - ვამტკიცებ) და ნიშნავს „დამტკიცებას“. </p>Leonid-Luka Kazanji
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2019-12-182019-12-18Philosophy of International Law
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/50
<p><em> </em>საერთაშორისო სამართალი გახლავთ ერთი შეხედვით სხვადასხვა სოციოკულტურ რეგიონში ჩამოყალიბებულ კონოკულტურულ კავშირეთა მონოეთნოგენური მისწრაფებების სისტემატიზატორი. ჩემი აზრით საერთაშორისო სამართალი გახლავთ იურიდიული პოსტულატების ამფონერსული სამყარო, რომელსაც ახასიათებს რელატივაციური გარდაქმნები, რაც ასრულყოფილებს მის ფენომენალურ ბუნებას ჩემი ხედვით.</p>Leonid-Luka Kazanji
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2019-12-182019-12-18Old Georgian Criminal Law
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/48
<pre id="tw-target-text" class="tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta" dir="ltr" data-placeholder="Translation"><span lang="en" tabindex="0">Criminal law in general is a science about crime as a psychosomatic phenomenon against state-set cultural norms. In particular, the above doctrine will study the thought-provoking links of the rule of law, which will be transformed into an assonant ideology that creates peaceful conditions for the development of society.</span></pre>Luka Kazanji
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2019-12-132019-12-13Wild vine Vitis vinifera ssp sylvestris Gmel. (Beck.) Study of wetness of ampelographic and phenological phases at Jighaura experimental base
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/47
<p>Georgia is one of the oldest country of the World in which the history of wine making and viticulture began 8000 years ago. The country owns 525 autochthonous varieties of grapes taking the starting point from the wild grape Vitis vinifera ssp sylvestris Gmel. That is why the investigation of the wild grapevine has crucial purpose to learn biodiversity of this plant, to describe its ampelographic diversity and trying to make strategy about preservation. In this article are provided the results of investigation of 28 genotypes of wild grapevine, originated from Kakheti, Kartli and Lechkhumi provinces of Georgia and planted in Jighaura collection of the Scientific –Research Center of Agriculture. The study has been done by the modern methods of ampelography, phenology, in 2017 and 2018. Two well-known cultivars Saperavi (N) from Georgia and Cabernet Sauvignon (N) from France<br>have been used as a control varieties. The research was done at Caucasus International University and the Scientific – Research Center of Agriculture during 2017-2018 vegetative seasons and has been supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation.</p>Shengeli KikilashviliLevan UjmajuridzeLonda MamasakhlisashviliShalva KenchiashviliDavid Maghradze
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2019-12-032019-12-03Modern problems of international economic relations
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/46
<p>თანამედროვე საქართველოს ეკონომიკურ ცხოვრებაში მნიშვნელოვან ადგილს იკავებს საერთაშორისო ეკონომიკური ურთიერთობათა პრობლემები. საქართველო აშენებს საბაზრო ურთიერთობათა პრინციპებზე აგებულ ეროვნულ ეკონომიკას, მეურნეობრივი ცხოვრების ძირითადი სიძნელეების დაძლევის უზრუნველყოფის ერთ-ერთი გამოსავალია ქვეყნის ეკონომიკის საერთაშორისო გარემოსთან შეგუება და მსოფლიო სამეურნეო ბრუნვაში ჩართვა. მით უმეტეს ქვეყნის ინტეგრაციისა და ურთიერთკავშირების განვითარება თანამედროვეობის უმნიშვნელოვანესი თავისებურებაა. საქართველოს შეუძლია საერთაშორისო ეკონომიკური ურთიერთობის ცნობილ პრინციპებზე დაყრდნობით (სამეურნეო თანამშრომლობა, ეკონომიკისა და ვაჭრობის თავისუფლება, ფულად-საკრედიტო ურთიერთობათა სრულყოფა) მიაღწიოს ეკონომიკის აღმავლობას და მოსახლეობის ცხოვრების დონის ამაღლებას. იმისათვის, რომ ქვეყანაში უზრუნველყოფილი იყოს საერთაშორისო ეკონომიკური წესრიგი, რომელიც დაკავშირებულია თანამშრომლობისა და ეკონომიკური ქცევის თავისუფლებასთან, ფეხდაფეხ უნდა მიჰყვე საერთაშორისო ორგანიზაციების საქმიანობას. დღეს მსოფლიოში არც ერთი ქვეყანა არ გვეგულება, რომელსაც გარე სამყაროსთან, სხვა ქვეყნებთან ეკონომიკური ურთიერთობის გარეშე შეეძლოს ცხოვრება. ქვეყნები მეტ-ნაკლები ზომით მონაწილეობენ შრომის საერთაშორისო დანაწილებაში, რაც საწარმოო ძალთა განვითარების შესაბამისად თანდათანობით ღრმავდება და ვითარდება. ქვეყნებს შორის ეკონომიკური თანამშრომლობა თითოეულ მათგანს აძლევს საშუალებას შედარებით ნაკლები დანახარჯებითა დაიკმაყოფილონ თავიანთი მოთხოვნილებები.</p>Lela BakhtadzeRevaz Kakulia
Copyright (c) 2019 Portal of SCIENTIFIC PAPERS of Association for Science
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2019-11-262019-11-26Taxes and tax assessement
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/39
<p>სახელმძღვანელოში განხილულია გადასახადებისა და საგადასახადო დაბეგვრის თეორიისა და პრაქტიკის აქტუალური საკითხები. საბაზრო ეკონომიკური სისტემის ფორმირება-განვითარების პირობებში სახელმძღვანელოს მნიშვნელოვანი თავისებურება და ღირსება მდგომარეობს დაბეგვრის არსის, საგადასახადო სისტემის ახლებურად ჩამოყალიბების, ქვეყნის სოციალურ- ეკონომიკურ განვითარებაში საგადასახადო პოლიტიკის როლის წარმოჩენასა და საგადასახადო სისტემის სრულყოფის მიმართულებების განსაზღვრაში.</p>Evgeni BaratashviliAnzor AbralavaRevaz KakuliaLela Bakhtadze
Copyright (c) 2019 Portal of SCIENTIFIC PAPERS of Association for Science
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2019-11-252019-11-25Banking
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/40
<p>No abstract</p>Lela BakhtadzeRevaz KakuliaLasha Kandelakishvili
Copyright (c) 2019 Portal of SCIENTIFIC PAPERS of Association for Science
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2019-11-252019-11-25Modern money and currency of money
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/41
<p>no abstract</p>Lela BakhtadzeRevaz KakuliaLasha Kandelakishvili
Copyright (c) 2019 Portal of SCIENTIFIC PAPERS of Association for Science
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2019-11-252019-11-25Issues of distribution of tax authority between the various state governments and the various levels of management
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/42
<p>სახელმწიფო ხელისუფლებისა და მართვის სხვადასხვა დონეებს შორის ხარჯების განაწილების ამოცანათა გადაწყვეტას თან ახლავს სახელმწიფო ხელისუფლების დონეებს შორის საგადასახადო უფლებამოსილებათა გადანაწილების შესახებ გადაწყვეტილებების მიღების აუცილებლობა. საგადასახადო უფლებამოსილებათა ვერტიკალური სტრუქტურის აგების საერთაშორისო გამოცდილების შესწავლა გვიჩვენებს, რომ არ არსებობს სახელმწიფო ხელისუფლების განსაზღვრულ დონეებზე ამა თუ იმ შემოსავლის მიკუთვნების გაბატონებული სტრატეგია. თუმცა, მეორე მხრივ, ამ სფეროში ჩატარებული თეორიული კვლევები ადასტურებს, რომ საგადასახადო უფლებამოსილებათა გადანაწილების ზოგიერთ ფორმას შეუძლია მიგვიყვანოს მნიშვნელოვან დანაკარგებამდე, რაც ზიანს აყენებს საზოგადოებას როგორც სამართლიანობის, ისე ეფექტიანობის თვალსაზრისით.</p>Lela Bakhtadze
Copyright (c) 2019 Portal of SCIENTIFIC PAPERS of Association for Science
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2019-11-252019-11-25საბანკო სისტემის სტაბილურობის უზრუნველყოფის ზოგიერთი თეორიულ-მეთოდოლოგიური საკითხი
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/43
<p>ჩვენი ქვეყნის პრინციპულად ახალ ეკონომიკურ ურთიერთობებზე გადასვლამ, რომელიც დაფუძნებულია საბაზრო მეურნეობის პრინციპებზე, მოითხოვა ყველა სამეურნეო სუბიექტის საქმიანობაში ადეკვატური ცვლილებების განხორციელება. საქართველოში საბაზრო ეკონომიკის ტრანსფორმაციის ათ წელზე მეტი ხნის პერიოდი აღმოჩნდა საკმაოდ მტკივნეული. ამ პროცესს თან ახლდა: წარმოების ზრდის ტემპების დაცემა სტრუქტურული დისპროპორციებითა და ინფლაციით, ბიუჯეტის დეფიციტი, ეროვნული ფულადი ერთეულის დევალვაცია, ქვეყნის შიდა და საგარეო ვალის ზრდა. კრიზისული მოვლენათა ტალღამ, რომელმაც ეკონომიკა მოიცვა, გამოიწვია ეკონომიკურ კვლევებში ჩაღრმავების საჭიროება სტაბილურობის ძირითად კანონზომიერებათა შემეცნების მიზნით.</p>Lela Bakhtadze
Copyright (c) 2019 Portal of SCIENTIFIC PAPERS of Association for Science
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2019-11-252019-11-25Issues of optimization of tax cargo distribution
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/44
<p>გადასახადები საბაზრო ეკონომიკის სახელმწიფო რეგულირების ერთ-ერთ უმნიშვნელოვანეს და ეფექტიან ინსტრუმენტს წარმოადგენს. ამიტომ საქართველოში ეკონომიკური რეფორმების გატარებისა და ეკონომიკური სისტემის მართვის გარდაქმნის პროცესში დიდი ყურადღება დაეთმო საგადასახადო რეფორმის განხორციელების პროცესს და ქვეყანაში საგადასახადო კანონმდებლობის შექმნას. აღსანიშნავია ის ფაქტიც, რომ საქართველოს საგადასახადო კოდექსში შეტანილმა ცვლილებებმა და დამატებებმა ვერ აღმოფხვრა საგადასახადო სისტემის არასრულყოფილება, ვერ უზრუნველყო საგადასახადო რეფორმის გატარებით სასურველი შედეგების მიღწევა.</p> Lela Bakhtadze
Copyright (c) 2019 Portal of SCIENTIFIC PAPERS of Association for Science
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2019-11-252019-11-25Actual problems of financial system improvement in Georgia
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/45
<p>მე-20 საუკუნის მეორე ნახევრისათვის დამახასიათებელმა მძაფრმა მეცნიერულმა, ტექნოლოგიურმა, პოლიტიკურმა და სოციალურ-ეკონომიკურმა გარდაქმნებმა საფუძველი ჩაუყარა ეკონომიკური განვითარების გლობალიზაციას, რამაც ფინანსურ ურთიერთობებში უდიდესი ცვლილებები გამოიწვია. თანამედროვე ეტაპზე სწრაფი ტემპებით მიმდინარეობს საფინანსო შუამავლობიდან ფინანსების ეკონომიკის ცხოვრების წარმმართველ ძალად გადაქცევა. საქმე მარტო ის როდია, რომ ფინანსების სფერო ეკონომიკის სხვა სფეროებთან შედარებით წინმსწრები ტემპებით ვითარდება. გაცილებით მნიშვნელოვანია ის რომ უმსხვილესი ფინანსური ინსტიტუტები დაჩქარებული ტემპებით იპყრობენ განვითარებადი ქვეყნების ეკონომიკას და იქ გადამწყვეტ პოზიციებს იკავებენ.</p>Revaz KakuliaLela Bakhtadze
Copyright (c) 2019 Portal of SCIENTIFIC PAPERS of Association for Science
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2019-11-252019-11-25Cosmocratic Traditions of Byzantine Law
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/38
<p>No Abstract</p>Luka Kazanji
Copyright (c) 2019 Portal of SCIENTIFIC PAPERS of Association for Science
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2019-11-212019-11-21Philosophy of Administrative Law
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/36
<p>No abstract</p>Luka Kazanji
Copyright (c) 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF ASSOCIATION FOR SCIENCE
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2019-10-092019-10-09Theogenic - cosmogenic formulas
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/37
<p>No abstract</p>Luka Kazanji
Copyright (c) 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF ASSOCIATION FOR SCIENCE
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2019-10-092019-10-09Electrocardiogram processing system - Data analysis processing
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/24
<p> Nowadays, an increasing number of problems caused by sudden cardiac death is a major challenge, which is the root cause of many of the one less controlled loads and as a result caused by cardiac problems. Unregulated load time getting pathologically changed heart - excessive fatigue, intense exercise, which may in some cases be caused less controlled loads. Such factors affect the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system leads to an abnormal transformation, eg .: Pulse heart rhythm disturbance of the heart's blood-giving norm falling out, etc. These diseases can be computer-software using the R-R intervals (most often met rhythm) and determining their sequence through the filter. Heart rate variability (HRV) is psychological phenomenon of heart rate fluctuation between intervals. Also used to mark the terms RR, which means the variation of the heart rhythm of work (where R represents the highest point of the ECG wave), and the cycle length variability.</p>Nino Berianidze
Copyright (c) 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS
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2019-09-102019-09-10Philosophy of Criminal Justice
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/35
<p>No abstract</p>Luka Kazanji
Copyright (c) 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF ASSOCIATION FOR SCIENCE
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2019-09-092019-09-09Mongolian Law
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/33
<p>No Abstract</p>Luka-Leonid Kazanji
Copyright (c) 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF ASSOCIATION FOR SCIENCE
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2019-08-162019-08-16The thoughts of the light and puzzles of the murk
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/28
<ol> <li class="show">ატლანტური სიბრძნე</li> <li class="show">კოლხეთის იბერიისა და ქალდეის კოსმიური ემისია</li> <li class="show">თეოგენიისა და კოსმოგენიის ურთიერთ მიმართება</li> <li class="show">ჭეშმარიტების ძიების მეთოდიკა</li> <li class="show">აღმოსავლური და დასავლური ფილოსოფია</li> <li class="show">ნეგაციური მსჯელობის არსი</li> <li class="show">პოზიტივისტურ პრედიკატთა ოკულტური ბუნება</li> <li class="show">რასისტენციური მეხსიერებისა და მეტაფიზიკური ცნობიერების ურთიერთმიმართების საკითხი</li> <li class="show">კავკასიური ტოპოსი</li> <li class="show">გერმანული და ამერიკული ლიტერატურა</li> <li class="show">კავკასიური კვალი გერმანულ-სკანდინავიურ, ინდურ, ჩინურ, იაპონურ და კორეულ მითოსში</li> <li class="show">წარმოდგენილია ჩემეული ოკულტური სქემები და ფილოსოფიურ იდეათა აღმწერი გეომეტრიული ნახაზები</li> </ol>Luka Kazanji
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2019-07-252019-07-25„სანივთო სამართლის ფილოსოფია“
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/29
<p>სანივთო სამართალი ცივილისტიკის ერთადერთიუმძლავრესი მექანიზმია, რომელიც განსაზღვრავს ადამიანის ნივთზე სამართლებრივი ბატონობის იურიდიულ ფორმასა და აწესრიგებს სამართლებრივ ურთიერთობებს მატერიალიზებულ სუბსტანცია-ნივთსა და ადამიანებს შორის. სანივთო სამართალი მთლიანობაში აერთიანებს ლოგიკას, ფილოსოფიას, მეტაფიზიკას და სოციოლოგიას. სანივთო სამართლის კონცეფცია ახორციელებს სიეტმატიზირებას ადამიანის იურიდიული ხედვებისა, ფსიქოსოციალური მისწრაფებებისა, ფსიქოგენეტიკური მახსიათებლებისა და ემოციურ ფონზე აღმოცენებულ სურვილთა რელატიურად ცვალებად ბუნებისა.</p>Luka Kazanji
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2019-07-252019-07-25Effect of Mean Annual Changeability of Air Temperature, Surface Ozone Concentration and Galactic Cosmic Rays Intensity on the Mortality of Tbilisi City Population
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/30
<p>The results of a study of the effect of the annual changeability of air temperature, surface ozone concentration and neutron component of galactic cosmic rays intensity on the mortality of the population of Tbilisi city in 1984-2010 are presented. The statistical characteristics of the investigated time-series are studied. In particular, it was found that within the variation range the contribution of the studied parameters to mortality variability is as follows: a random component of air temperature - 8.5%, real values of surface ozone concentration and cosmic ray intensity - 20.9% and 16.5%, respectively.</p>Avtandil G. AmiranashviliTeimuraz S. BakradzeNino BerianidzeNino D. JaparidzeKetevan R. Khazaradze
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2019-07-252019-07-25Statistical Characteristics of the Monthly Average Values of the Air Temperature in the Layer of Atmosphere 0.54-27 km above the Kakheti Territory (Georgia) in 2012-2016
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/31
<p>Here is presented the data of statistical analysis of the monthly average values of the air temperature in the atmosphere above the territory of Kakheti at 19 levels in the range of heights from 0.54 to 27 km for the period from 2012 through 2016.</p>Avtandil AmiranashviliNino BerianidzeNino JamrishviliKhatia Tavidashvili
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2019-07-252019-07-25Preliminary Results of the Analysis of Radar and Ground-Based Monitoring of Dust Formation in Atmosphere Above the Territory of Eastern Georgia on 27 July 2018
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/32
<p>There are represented the preliminary results of the radar analysis and ground-based monitoring of dust formation in the atmosphere above the territory of eastern Georgia on the 27th of July, 2018. Distance monitoring was accomplished with the aid of the meteorological radar «METEOR 735CDP10». The dust concentration was hourly measured (PM10 and PM2.5) in surface boundary layer in three points of Tbilisi city. There are given Radar data about the movement of dust formation in the atmosphere above that investigated territories. It is shown that in second half of day there was noted the strong growth of PM10 and PM2 on the earth's surface 5.</p>Avtandil AmiranashviliNino BerianidzeVictor ChikhladzeMikheil MitinAna Mtchedlishvili
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2019-07-252019-07-25Dimensions of the non-human economy and the energy impulses to humanize it
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/26
<p>The processes of coercion of the current Georgian economy are discussed as the realization of the privileges of minorities, when it becomes an inhuman, violent institution from the natural functions of population service, and the expression of which is the degradation of economic thinking, hatred, reincarnation of slavery, greed, economic old age. Such energy charges for the dehumanization of the economy are presented, such as the moral responsibility for the arrangement of the economy (divine love), the Orthodox Church, and the government as a condition for the separation of governance functions between unity and the need for cooperation; Renewal of public awareness in the national interest of improving the welfare of the homeland. The book is intended for masters and doctoral students, as well as for readers interested in the problems of the new economy. Let's think about something, we probably mean the idea. Yeah, that's the way it should be.</p>Ramaz Namicheishvili
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2019-06-182019-06-18Bundahišn’s Stemma Codicum & Codices’ Tradition
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/25
<p>In 1977, Walter Belardi wrote that if Iranian philology wanted to move on, it had to cope with the experiences other philologies went through1. Nowadays there are many works about Iranian philology, but only few of them attempt to describe the written tradition of Avestan and Pahlavi texts2. This paper has its origins in the seminar held by Professor G. Consolmano, director of the “Specula Vaticana”. The seminar was entitled "Studying Planets, from Medieval to Modern Times". Starting from this point, this work aims at illustrating briefly the Iranian astronomical and astrological conceptions during the Sasanian period. Unfortunately, there are no texts left from that time, but just texts written after the Islamic invasion. Specifically, this paper will focus on an important witness to the Persian cosmological Weltanschauung: the Bundahišn. Moreover, it was noticed that there is no complete illustration of Bundahišn's stemma codicum, because of the missing information conserved in the colophones of the manuscripts. The situation has changed since 1970, when the manuscripts TD1 and DH were published in fac. by the Iranian Culture Foundation, but still there are no acceptable genealogical trees of the Bundahišn. This work aims at retracing the stemma codicum of the Pahlavi text, in line with the most complete tradition of the manuscript, which is still not considered by the scholars in this research area. This paper deals with the lack of information, and it wants to strengthen the relations between the texts we have received. This is achieved by taking into account both the information contained in the colophones and the personal relationships between the copists and their social context, delving into the possibility of transmissions and contaminations from the work of copying. In this paper, an analysis of the manuscripts was carried out, but it was decided not to draw up corrispondence charts between them, which they can easily be found in the work of (Belardi 1977d). Moreover, it was preferred, where appropriate, to analyse the colophones, normally scarcely available, so that they could be examined in order to understand the genealogical reconstruction of the tree. The texts in Pahlavi are presented without the original version, since the translations of (Anklesaria 1908) is accepted. As for the terminological comparison, it must be said that in this work there are no occurrences of the differences between the manuscripts. In conclusion, this work proposes a close comparison between all the manuscript traditions, never before taken into consideration in their totality, including the incomplete passages in the tradition of other writings, like the</p>Alessio Giordano
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2019-05-132019-05-13Sustainable development of hazelnut production in Georgia and export potential in the EU market
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/23
<p>Georgia is a traditional producer country of hazelnuts. In Georgia today are spread some of native varieties, the main ones are: Anakliuri, Nemsa, Khachapura, Shveliskura, Gulshishvela, etc. The advantages of Georgian hazelnut are: Powerful root system, favorable location in black - sea region and low producer prices, but lack of modern technologies, low productivity and quality, compliance with international standards, can be considered as the main disadvantages of Georgia. The biggest amount of hazelnut is produced in the regions of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Guria and Imereti. For Georgia, hazelnut has a high economic value and also brings a lot of income. Georgian hazelnut can go to one of two different market paths: inshell and shelled. It is either shipped to neighboring Turkey (which is the dominant world producer of hazelnuts), or to European markets. It must be mentioned, that Georgian production lacks some of the processing quality and packing that is required for direct sales to confectionery and food industries. The main competitors of Georgia are: Turkey, Italy and Azerbaijan. Despite the fact, that Georgia currently is not a big player in the global hazelnut industry, it has a high potential to be one of the leader exporters.</p> <p> </p>Ana Polodashvili ანა ფოლოდაშვილი
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2019-01-302019-01-30Niko Nikoladze
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/20
<p>საზოგადოებრივი პროგრესი, ერის კეთილდღეობა დამოკიდებულია მის ინტელიგენციაზე ანუ ინტელიგენტთა საზოგადოებაზე. ინტელიგენტი ინტელექტის მქონე ადამიანია. ინტელექტი კი მისი (ადამიანის) შემოქმედებითი აზროვნების, ცოდნისა და პრაქტიკული გამოცდილების გამოყენებისა და განვითარების უნარია. გამოიკვეთა სიტყვათა მიმდევრობა: ინტელექტი-ინტელიგენტი-ინტელიგენცია. ცნება „ინტელიგენტს“ აქვს აგრეთვე ცხოვრებისეული ყოფითი გაგებაც. ინტელიგენტი გამოირჩება არა მხოლოდ რომელიმე დარგის ღრმა პროფესიული ცოდნით, არამედ ზნეობრივი სრულყოფილებითაც, ადამიანებისადმი განსაკუთრებული ყურადღებით, შინაგანი კულტურით, დახვეწილი მანერებით. ჩვენ ხშირად ბევრი ადამიანი გვინახავს და ბევრს შევხვედრივართ, რომელსაც მაღალი პროფესიული განათლება აქვს, მაგრამ არასასიამოვნო ყოფაქცევის, ამორალური, არაზნეობრივი არსებაა და ა.შ. ამით იმაზე მინდა მივანიშნო, რომ ადამიანის ინტელექტი, ინტელიგენტი, ინტელიგენცია ხარისხობრივი კატეგორიებია, რომლებიც დროში დინამიკურად ცვალებადია და რომლის სრულყოფილების მაჩვენებელია მისი აზროვნების სიღრმე და მასშტაბები, აგრეთვე მორალურ-ზნეობრივი, სოციალურ-კულტურული ღირებულებები და ფასეულობები. საქართველოს ახლა უმაღლესი პროფესიული განათლების საკმაოდ მრავალრიცხვოვანი არმია ჰყავს, მაგრამ ქვეყანა არა თუ წინ არ მიდის, არამედ უარესი ემართება-ეკონომიკურ სიღარიბეში ეფლობა დღე და ღამე. გამოდის, რომ ერის აზროვნება შეიძლება იყოს არა მარტო ჩამორჩენილი, არამედ ზნეობრივად ღარიბი, ბოროტი, დაცემული და უპასუხისმგებლო. ახლა ვინმეს შეუძლია ამტკიცოს, რომ სამყაროს ინტელექტუალური ადამიანები აკლია, რომ მოსახლეობის 50%-ზე მეტი დღეში $2-ზე მეტს იმიტომ ვერ ღებულობს, რომ ცუდად მუშაობს, ხოლო მილიონობით ადამიანი ზარმაცი და უსაქმურია და ამის გამო შიმშილით იღუპება, მაშინ როცა მსოფლიო მოსახლეობის 1% სამყაროს მთელი სიმდიდირის 90%-ს ფლობს და არ იცის, რაში მოიხმაროს იგი. რანაირი ინტელექტუალია ხელისუფალი, როცა მისი ქვეყნიდან ჯანსაღი ადამიანები ლუკმა პურის საშოვნელად გარბიან უცხოეთში, პენსიონერები სიღატაკეში ეფლობიან, ავადმყოფები წამლებს ვერ ყიდულობენ, სოციალურად დაუცველია ლამის ნახევარი მილიონი მოქალაქე, ამ დროს უცხოელები ჩვენს ქვეყანას ეპატრონებიან.</p>Ramaz Namicheishvili
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2018-11-082018-11-08State securities in Georgia: Challenges and Prospects
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/21
<p> Thesis of Dissertation is to study the state (government) securities market, international research and best practices, its origin and development to gather and analyze the history, the experience of the past period and generalized recommendations. For better understanding and analysis of the problems and their solutions were analyzed the primary and secondary market of government securities, and the current situation. The paper analyzes the state securities market and reflects the importance of this tool is able to perform the function of a market economy. State Securities is an indispensable tool for any country's financial market development. The question of “issue of state securities”, among the other reasons, should be mentioned - the money supply regulation, anti-inflation measures, the national currency exchange rate stability and demand stimulation. Government securities stimulates the banking sector and the private investors to invest in and contribute their resources to maximize the safety and liquidity. This study confirms that the State Securities in Georgia can be purchased by any natural or legal person, but only through commercial banks operating in Georgia, which gives rise to a number of difficulties. These problems are discussed in detail in the dissertation. The State security is an important, but only part of the broad and powerful sector - the country's capital market. Development, economic growth and overall living standards of the population is directly related to the securities market, capital market development. The country's economic growth is one of the real leverage for investment, which is the most practical form of securities and investment through the organized market. This study revealed that the main problem in Georgia is the unhealthy competition between the two way sources) of money flow attraction. Successful and developed countries, raising money via two way - the bank loan and securities market, which are in a mutual synergy to each other, while in Georgia the bank loan and the overall commercial banking system - is trying not to contemplate the money resources of the mechanism (which is considers as the main competitor) - securities and the stock market industry. This research confirmed that they (commercial banks) successfully succeeds, because the the securities market has lost its main function - to be the foundation of the securities market pricing. Among other, it was studied, identified and analyzed the following problems that hinder the securities market:</p> <ul> <li> non-transparency;</li> <li> legislative shortcomings, which limits the State Securities jurisdictions;</li> <li> the rather high investment minimum threshold in contrast to international standards;</li> <li> the absence of inflation risk protection instruments;</li> <li> complicated mechanism to resale the once acquired State securities and absence of secondary market;</li> </ul> <p> in compare to the international practice, there is no such mechanism, such as the treasury house (Treasury direct), to give access of any individuals and legal entities to invest in; absence and society awareness of what is the state of the securities and its its advantages over other investments compared. Based on that, the main point is to create the mechanisms that regulate the contradiction, the interests and the preconditions for the recovery of the state securities papers. The arrangements and mechanisms to identify and research dedicated to the thesis.</p> <p> </p>David Aslanishvili დავით ასლანიშვილი
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2018-11-082018-11-08Grab The Economics and possibilities of its returning in the national repository
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/19
<p>The work deals with the global economic processes that led to the <br>intervention of the middle and lower talent of national countries, particularly in Georgia, and the elite intellectuals were blocked the way to the higher echelons of the government. Factors are investigated and the reasons are presented according to which the massive impoverishment and lumpiness of the population are "Intentional action of the National government", since the duality involved in the political elite made business of their foreign patrons- United World Economic Constructors and they are so 'internationals', <br>that they chose to be their graver instead of service of their country and people, and they even painstakingly do it. The economy is grabbed, but the possibility of returning to its national space is essential. Though, the situation is complicated by the fact that public thinking is in the captivity of Lucifer and so far it does not come to mind. In the work is presented the National Traditional Integral Resources of Georgia, which implementation is a guarantee of maintaining national uniqueness of the country. The book is intended for masters, doctoral students and readers who are interested in economic problems.</p>Ramaz Namicheishvili
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2018-11-052018-11-05INTERNATIONAL DISCUSSIONS ON BANK CREDIT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH RELATIONSHIP
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/13
<p>The main problem of the Georgian economy is the large scale disproportion of the successful sector of the banking sector and the often unsuccessful development of the real sector of the economy. It should be noted that this disproportion is a subject of consideration in contemporary economic literature and our research is an attempt to broaden the issue and share ideas in international scientific circles. The main problem that is in the research is the impact of the banking sector's credit portfolio and the functioning of credit markets on the economic growth of the country. In this regard, the macroeconomic stabilization and accelerated economic growth of the country is very important to identify, study and analyze the impact mechanisms of the credit market factors operating on economic growth. The study provides a survey of the region and country, from which it becomes clear that the banking savings and bank credits are directly affecting economic growth. The survey has analyzed two models of impact on economic growth and concludes that the following recommendations include: Increase in income per capita, decrease in unemployment and effective use of bank credits and savings to accelerate economic growth in the country. Other examples of international research are linked to improving the quality of financial development and economic growth and the long-term cause-effective relationship between financial development and economic growth is determined. This study measures the financial development of the country with three indicators: М2 depending on GDP, private sector bank lending ratio, and the GDP to the GDP in the banking sector. The real growth of real GDP is seen as a measure of economic growth. The results of the research showed that there is a long-term positive equilibrium relationship between all three financial indicators and the real GDP growth rate. As a result of the research, it was established that there is a bilateral causal link between the massive money mass (М2) and the GDP and the GDP growth rate, and the one-way causal linkage is the internal credit of the banking sector. In terms of GDP and GDP growth in the short term. A number of scholarly research finds that financial development and structure are closely linked to economic growth. On the other hand, the financial development of the country has a positive impact on attracting investments but relatively low correlation with growth. Empirical research has shown that a number of financial indicators are strong and positive in correlation with economic growth. The study, conducted by the International Monetary Fund, is of interest to the credit boom and the relation of the economy. Access to finance and investment, economic growth and broad support for an everyday occurrence, but when it gets dramatically accelerated expansion of the character, it can take the offensive character, weak lending standards conditions, it is possible to get limitless use of the loan proceeds and the asset price bubble of dangerous Husks. Usually the "credit booms" are related to the financial crisis, "credit booms" are also dangerous in the best situation, and in the worst case we have a much harder result. In terms of economic growth, it is very interesting to process the warning indicator of system banking crisis. Special attention is paid to the factors of banking crisis such as: private sector credit boom, non-credit lending, credit rating relative to GDP and etc. The research focuses on the study of the population's demand for credit, as the review of economic literature shows that the demand for credits significantly determines the prices on real estate. And, as the survey shows, the interest rate increases in credit have negatively impacted the population's demand for credits. Also, research has proven high correlation between credits and GDP, which can be successfully identified in the long term. A number of research studies show that the state sector credit volume increase of the public debt growth leads credits the reduction of the private sector in low - income countries, while high-income countries, the private sector lending increasing public sector credits and reduced central government debts. Inflation has been negatively impacted on financial climbing and positive growth of positive GDP. The stable development of the economy in the country significantly ensures the banking sector's performance. For developing countries, the existence of economic links between financial development and economic growth is crucial. Two directions of financial development are used Comparison of private sector credits with GDP volume and the second monetary aggregate (М2) ratio with GDP volume. As a result of the research, positive correlation between relationships between financial development and economic growth has been established. The conclusion that combines many of the research and opinions given in the survey can be as follows; In economic terms, the main function of banks is to increase the lending fund to increase investments in the economy. Thus the development of the country depends on the economic point of view of investing. Banks have the ability to lead to economic growth and their ability to accelerate the economic development of the country through effective distribution of resources.</p>David Aslanishvili
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2018-10-222018-10-22Georgia State Debts as Securitization Example
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/15
<p style="text-align: justify;">მსოფლიო ფინანსურ ბაზრებზე არალიკვიდური აქტივების „გარდაქმნა" (სექიურიტიზაცია) და მათი ეკონომიკურ საქმიანობაში დაბრუნება ჩვეულებრივი და მისასალმებელი ტენდენციაა. სამწუხაროდ, საქართველოს სინამდვილეში წარმატებული „სექიურიტიზაცია" უფრო გამონაკლისი, ვიდრე პრაქტიკა. ამ მხრივ ჩვენი კვლევის საგანი ამ მაგალითის წარმატებული შედეგი - ეროვნული ბანკის მიმართსახელმწიფო ვალის - 832 მლნ ლარის „სექიურიტიზაცია".მსოფლიო ფინანსურ ბაზრებზე არალიკვიდური აქტივების „გარდაქმნა" (სექიურიტიზაცია) და მათი ეკონომიკურ საქმიანობაში დაბრუნება ჩვეულებრივი და მისასალმებელი ტენდენციაა. სამწუხაროდ, საქართველოს სინამდვილეში წარმატებული „სექიურიტიზაცია" უფრო გამონაკლისი, ვიდრე პრაქტიკა. ამ მხრივ ჩვენი კვლევის საგანი ამ მაგალითის წარმატებული შედეგი - ეროვნული ბანკის მიმართსახელმწიფო ვალის - 832 მლნ ლარის „სექიურიტიზაცია". უნდა აღინიშნოს, რომ გამოშვებული სახელმწიფო და კორპორაციული ფასიანი ქაღალდები არ გამოირჩევა მრავალფეროვნებით. დამოუკიდებლობის მოპოვებიდან სახელმწიფო წინაშე აღმოჩნდა მთელი რიგი გარანტირებული სავალო ურთიერთობები, რომელთა გასტუმრება დროში გაჭიანურდა და მრავალი მათგანი დღემდე არ არის გადაწყვეტილი. სხვა ვალების გარდა, საქართველოს დამოუკიდებლობის პერიოდიდან განუხრელად იზრდებოდა მთავრობის დავალიანება ეროვნული ბანკისადმი და მან 2006 წლის 15 მარტისთვის შეადგინა 832.84ნ.323 ლარი შეადგინა. ამ ვალის დაგროვების ისტორია უკავშირდება სახელმწიფო ბიუჯეტის დეფიციტის არსებობას, რის გამოც 1994 წლიდან 2006 წლამდე საქართველოს ფინანსთა სამინისტრო ბიუჯეტის დეფიციტის დასაფარავად იყენებდა საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკის სესხს. ანუ ცივილური გზის ნაცვლად, რომელიც გულისხმობს ოპერაციებს ღია ბაზარზე და ინვესტორებთან ურთიერთობას, საქართველოში ადგილი ჰქონდა ფაქტიურად ფულად ემისიას (მონეტარული დაფინანსება). 2006 წლის 20 მარტს კი საქართველოს მთავრობასა და საქართველოს ეროვნულ ბანკს შორის გაფორმდა "შეთანხმება საქართველოს მთავრობის საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკისადმი დავალიანების დაფარვის ღონისძიებების შესახებ", რომლის მიხედვით საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკისადმი არსებული საქართველოს მთავრობის დავალიანება დაფარულ უნდა იყოს 2030 წლის 16 მარტამდე ისე, რომ ყოველწლიურად მოხდეს დავალიანების ერთი ნაწილის გადაფორმება ეროვნული ბანკისათვის განკუთვნილ ერთწლიან ყოველწლიურად განახლებად სახელმწიფო სავალო ვალდებულებად - სახელმწიფო ობლიგაციად, ხოლო მეორე ნაწილისა - სხვადასხვა ვადის სახელმწიფო ობლიგაციებად ღია ბაზრის ოპერაციებისათვის, რომელთა დაფარვაც განხორციელდეს შესაბამისი წლების სახელმწიფო ბიუჯეტებიდან. ობლიგაციაზე გადასახდელი კუპონის წლიური განაკვეთი 2006, 2007 და 2008 წლებში განისაზღვრა 13%-ით, ხოლო სავალალო ვალდებულებაზე გადასახდელი პროცენტი 2006 წელს წლიური 7%-ის, 2007 და 2008 წლებში 6%-ის ოდენობით. 2008 წლის შემდგომ წლებში ობლიგაციებზე კუპონის განაკვეთის და სავალო ვალდებულებებზე წლიური საპროცენტო განაკვეთის დადგენა ხორციელდება მთავრობისა და ეროვნული ბანკის მიერ, ერთობლივად, საბაზრო პროცენტების გათვალისწინებით. აღნიშნული შეთანხმებით და ამ ფასიანი ქაღალდების ემისიებით და დაფარვებით მთლიანად გაიწერა ვალის დაფარვის გრაფიკი და საქართველოს ეროვნულ ბანკს გაუჩნდა მნიშვნელოვანი ინსტრუმენტი. ანუ დავალიანებამ, რომელიც აქამდე უბრალოდ აღრიცხული იყო ეროვნული ბანკის ბალანსზე, შეიძინა ძალიან მნიშვნელოვანი დატვირთვა და ფუნქცია. ამასთან, ობლიგაციები არაა ის ერთადერთი დადებითი, რაც ეროვნული ბანკისა და მთავრობის შეთანხმებითაა მიღწეული. ამ გზით შეიცვალა მთავრობისა და ეროვნული ბანკის დამოკიდებულება - ამიერიდან მთავრობის ეროვნული ბანკიდან პირდაპირი დაფინანსება არ ხდება. ხორციელდება სახელმწიფო ფასიანი ქაღალდების ემისია.ეს საეტაპო მნიშვნელობის ნაბიჯი იყო, იმიტომ რომ ცენტრალური ბანკის მიერ ბიუჯეტის დეფიციტის დაფინანსება არცერთ განვითარებულ ქვეყანაში არ ითვლება სტაბილური მაკროეკონომიკური გარემოს შემადგენელ ნაწილად და პირიქით - როდესაც პირდაპირი დაკრედიტება აკრძალულია ეს არის კანონმდებლობით დაფიქსირებული ერთ-ერთი გარანტია იმისა, რომ საქართველოში იქნება მაკროეკონომიკური სტაბილურობა.</p>David Aslanishvili
Copyright (c) 2018 Portal of SCIENTIFIC PAPERS of Association for Science
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2018-10-222018-10-22Ricardo equivalent, the origin of state debt, itsmeaning and practical purpose
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/16
<p>Our research describes the essence of the state debt and its purpose. When the state borrows money, it promises you to pay. To make this payment (payments), the state increases the bargain (if required) to pay this debt along with many other current payments. The economic effect in this regard is due to the fact that the tax payer perceives the future taxes. The measurement of the perception is difficult and neither the economists nor the other professors are able to form a precise and realized perfection formula.</p> <p>Our analysis is a decisive factor in the time and level of consciousness of the population on this issue (the threat) and what it is to determine the effect of financial borrowing on bond loans.</p> <p>This hypothesis is known as the Ricardian equivalent (Ricardian equivalent of the famous economist David Ricardo). Ricardo first considered this issue in his work.</p> <p>We have a hypothesis that the population does not recognize the introduction of new taxes or the increase of existing ones, despite the current deficit in reality. In this situation, if the initial stage of the payout is partially replaced by the state loan, it will create a sense of the current life and improvement of the population's income. This hypothesis is accompanied by a rational decision - community members begin to spend more money. However, the final result will be that the state taxpayer must be tied to the amount that the state will fully lend to the existing debt, with interest accrued on it. There will be an unexpected effect here: since the society does not expect the increase of the bargain, each member will have to cut costs even when the payoff is paid.</p> <p>The theoretical aspect and practical scenario discussed by us gives us the following conclusion: A deficit is needed when the economy is in place with an economic downturn and economic crisis. This view is based on the fact that the resource received by the government securities emissions will cover the reduced budget and, at the same time, the reduction of the rate of pay, which will ease the economic condition of the wider population of the population.</p>David Aslanishvili დავით ასლანიშვილი
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2018-10-222018-10-22Phenolic compounds in the autochthonic grape varieties of west Georgia
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/18
<p>The above project was fulfilled by financial support of the Georgian National Science Foundation (Grant AP/96/13 and 216816). Any idea in this publication is possessed by the authors and may not represent the opinion of the Georgian National Science Foundation.The monograph is dedicated to the study of chemical composition of several wines produced from the grape varieties in western Georgia using modern analytical methods. The results are used to establish a correlation between chemical composition of the wine, its varietal origin and soil/climate factors.Monography will be interesting for the specialists from the fields of agriculture and food technology such as experts, students, farmers, and manufacturers.</p>Maia KharadzeMaia VanidzeAleko Kalandia
Copyright (c) 2018 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS
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2018-10-222018-10-22Modern credit market and institutions
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/7
<p>No Abstract</p>Kristine Omadze
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2018-09-192018-09-19Original medicinal preparations from the flavonoid containing plants of Georgian flora
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/27
<p>The book presents the findings of authors' own research in the direction of elaboration original medicinal preparations from the plants that are spread in Georgia and allowed for medical purposes. In particular, it is discussed:</p> <ul> <li class="show">Hypoazotemic remedy “Flaroninum” based on individual flavonoid glycoside robinin isolated from the leaves and flowers of <em>Astragalus falcatus</em>;</li> <li class="show">Hepatoprotective and choleretic remedy "Tsarubol" that contains the sum of lipophilic phenols from fruits of <em>Paliurus spina christi</em>;</li> <li class="show">Antiviral ointment "Rodopes" against diseases caused Herpes simplex virus based on the sum of flavonoids of <em>Rhododendron ungernii</em>;</li> <li class="show">Nootropic, psychostimulatory, atherosclerosis prophylactic remedy “Ginkgo-bathi” from the leaves of <em>Ginkgo biloba</em>, growing in Georgia.</li> <li class="show">“Saturin” for prophylaxis and treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 from the plant <em>Satureja hortensis</em></li> </ul> <p>It is shown the possibility of using of natural medicine with antiuremic action obtained from the leaves of <em>Pueraria hirsuta</em> Matsum. in medical practice. Biologically active flavonoids from <em>Trifolium</em> species and “cones” of <em>Alnus barbata</em> C. A. Mey. are described. The book is intended for the specialists working on studying biologically active compounds of vegetable origin.</p>Eteri KemertelidzeMagda AlaniaKetevan ShalashviliTamar SagareishviliNana Kavtaradze
Copyright (c) 2019 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF ASSOCIATION FOR SCIENCE
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2016-07-032016-07-03Kinetic analysis of the multi-sited enzyme systems
https://monographs.4science.ge/index.php/ss/catalog/book/73
<p>At the beginning of the last century the kinetic theory for single-sited enzyme system was formulated and the technique of their full kinetic analysis was refined. Its essence consisted in the transformation of hyperbolic function into a rectilinear dependency, that is characteristic of only single-sited systems. Later on, however, it was found that many enzymes because of their multi-site feature are characterized by curve-linear kinetic dependency.<br>This necessitated to formulate principles for kinetic analysis of such curves and to work out new kinetic parameters. In spite of multiple attempts made in this direction this goal has not been achieved. The monograph is concerned with theoretical basis for deciphering the molecular mechanism for the multi-sited enzyme systems, and relying on experimental data, statistically valid methods for the determination of fundamental kinetic parameters is set forth.</p>Zurab KometianiGvantsa ChkaduaNineli Skhirtladze
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2007-03-112007-03-11